Sunday, July 12, 2009
Monday, July 6, 2009
Traditional log hives and their characteristics
In Jumla, cylindrical and square cross-section hives are made of hollowed-out logs. The wall thickness is usually 5-6 cm. Preferred timber species are Ilex dipyrena (kharso), Juglans regia (okher) and Pinus wallichii (sallo). A good-quality hive will last for at least 25 years, so hive-making is not such a threat to the forest as it might at first seem, especially as greenwood is traditionally viewed as unsuitable.The month of Magh (mid-January-mid-February) is an auspicious time for making hives, particularly Tuesdays in the 'Maga Jog' (a special time in astrological charts, as explained by local astrologers). The tree must be hollow or rotten on the inside with dead tops, but not fallen, since it may then be rotten on one side. The hive-maker taps a tree at the bottom with the blunt side of an axe and if a hollow sound is made it is felled. After felling, the tree is cut into hive-sized logs and the 'male' and 'female' sides of the tree are determined. These are important to traditional beekeepers because bees prefer to make their combs on 'male' wood. 'Male' wood, used for the top half of the hive, tends to be reddish and rich in resin, and is found on the side of the tree facing the sun (east/south). 'Female' wood is whiter and is found on the shady side (west/north). The rotten middle part of the tree is scraped out using an axe and 'basso', a local cutting/scraping tool. The bottom 'female' part is made thicker than the top part to form a strong, well-balanced base that will not rot quickly. A hole is positioned at the mid-point between the 'male' and 'female' wood. Once the log has been hollowed out completely, the hive body is finished. The two openings of the log are closed with circles of the right size cut out of thick hand-cut planks. These circles are plastered into the ends of the hive using cow dung or a cow dung/mud mixture.When building square cross-section hives/wall hives, fallen trees are preferred to dead standing ones. The method of making is similar to that of the log hive, except that the log is cut into a square cross-section and then the hive is hollowed out from one side, making a box closed on three sides. The wall hive is placed in a wall when a house is being built with the open side inside the house. This (long) side is closed with a thick plank, plastered in as above.
Traditional methods of baiting hives to capture swarms
Of 302 farmers questioned, 256 farmers had a total of 2221 baited hives in the forest and in pastures on cliffs. Many had placed none, whereas the most active beekeepers had as many as 80. The mean number of baited hives per beekeeper was 8.7 hives (SE of mean 0.8), the mode zero and the median 4. When asked what they do before placing their hives in the forest, 259 farmers said that they rubbed their hives with 'gosard' (a hive-baiting substance), 20 said they used raw honey only, and 169 said that they cleaned their hives by scrubbing them inside with fresh walnut leaves screwed into a ball. Prior to rubbing the hive with walnut leaves, about 33 % of farmers scorch their hives. Five farmers said that they only scorched their hives when they were new (to dry out the wood and remove rough edges) and a few said they only scorched when the hive was damp, mouldy or bad-smelling. Some claimed that scorching the hive discouraged bees from returning by spoiling the comb imprint.The composition of 'gosard' varies from area to area: 291 farmers used honeycomb and 264 mixed it with old combs. Added ingredients to the basic mixture were mentioned as follows: 8 farmers added walnut leaves; 42 cow ghee (clarified butter); 10 wild rose flowers (Rosa moschata); 4 dhoopi (Juniperus spp.); 11 (roasted) de-husked rice; 4 (roasted) barley; 12 mustard oil; 4 cloves; and one or two farmers mentioned cumin. Old combs are often first dry-fried in a pan over a fire. Then the ingredients are ground in a large wooden mortar and mixed with honey. It is important to use entirely dry ingredients in order to avoid the 'gosard' going mouldy. It is best kept in 'booss-paa' {Betula alnoides bark), which is excellent as a preservative.Traditionally, 'Magh ko Maga' and 'Shri Panchami' are auspicious days in January/February that are good for 'gosard'-making. Other good days are determined by consulting a Brahmin or local Dharmi ('shaman'). Much is made in April/May and applied to empty hives throughout the swarming season (May-July). Some continue applying it up to the second short (post-monsoon) swarming season in September. Some farmers store 'gosard' for a few years. If the smell deteriorates, it is re-made by adding fresh ingredients. If a beekeeper knows or suspects that a menstruating woman has touched the hives, a 'puja' (ritual worship) will be performed by sprinkling the hive with cow urine and reciting mantras (religious chants). It is believed that the mere touch of a menstruating women can cause bees to abscond or not reoccupy a hive.
Swarm management methods
Once drone activity is high, traditional beekeepers prepare themselves for swarm catching. Swarms are transferred to log hives by hand or using any container that is convenient for scooping up bees (e.g., small basket). If bees need to be moved from a place that is tricky for handling a local Artemisia species known as 'gwiepatti' or sometimes 'titepatti' (Artemisia vulgaris) is placed near the bees and rubbed to give off a strong scent. (These aromatic plants are also used by some farmers to make a kind of bee veil when handling colonies that become defensive.) When a colony has swarmed two or three times, the beekeeper may look for queen cells and destroy them to prevent further swarming that would weaken the colony too much.
Honey harvesting and processing methods
A smoker locally called 'kangreto' is made out of old cotton cloth tied into a roll. Some farmers use specific herbs to produce a good smoke that encourages bees to leave the combs without inducing too much disturbance. Once the bees abandon the combs, the combs are cut from the top using either a 'panyau' (rice-serving flat spoon) or a 'khukuri' (sharp knife). Bees are brushed off the combs using a small broom made of dried grasses usually dampened with water. Any bees stuck to the combs are brushed off with the small broom and cleaned on to a plate with a little water. Bees saturated with honey are cleaned in this water and are quickly washed on to a cloth and put into the sun to dry; very few bees die in the process.Most beekeepers only cut honeycombs from one side of the hive. Some change sides every few years, whilst others believe that the queen always resides on one side and so never cut there. Some farmers separate out the best sealed honey as raw honey ('kaacho maha') for use as medicine and to sell at a high price. The remaining unsealed honey (sometimes brood combs) and older black combs are mashed up and cooked to reduce water content and preserve. The honey is cooked directly over a fire to a high temperature. Melted wax is skimmed from the surface and kept for trading with metal workers. Cooked honey ('pakkeko maha') is sold more cheaply than raw honey and is not valued as a medicine. Some believe that it angers the local gods to sell raw honey and so only sell cooked honey. 'Chiauche maha' is made from boiling down honey water that results from handling honey during extraction until it is thick and honey-like. An important guest will be fed pure raw honey, a less important guest cooked honey and an unwanted guest 'chiauche' honey.
Winter colony management
Of 269 farmers who answered questions, 229 (86 %) claimed to feed their bees. The farmers'definition of feeding ranged from leaving some combs of honey back for the bees, to applying a sweet solution around the mouth of the hive in the early spring (March-April). Sugar is not produced in Jumla and is expensive since it is flown into the area. Hence natural sugar alternatives are often used for feeding bees. Foodstuffs mentioned by farmers were as follows: 157 used (usually raw) honey; 59 either cooked or raw sweet pumpkin; 50 raw sugar cane ('gude'); 31 buckwheat flour and honey 'roti' or cake (usually par-cooked); 24 sugar; 15 sugar solution; 8 apples; and 6 a decoction of a sweet turnip (locally known as 'koira ko butun') boiled down into a thick solution. Most feed in the winter between December and April. Feeding during the dearth period in the monsoon is not practised. Other food mentioned are: 'mehel ko butun' (concentrate of a sweet forest fruit) and 'chamel ko dhuto' (inner husk of rice). The latter is extracted if rice is beaten for a long time and is sweet tasting. Beekeepers sprinkle this flour on a plank leading to the hive entrance; bees collect it and presumably consume it.The 'buckwheat-honey rotis', or 'desu' as they are locally called, form a kind of edible 'dummy board' that probably significantly increases the insulation of bees in winter. The bees chew up the candy-like substance and obtain nutrition usually leaving just the hard dark cooked surface by the end of the winter. The buckwheat itself may be medicinal to bees, especially because of its bitter properties. 'Koira ko butun' is considered medicinal to bees. It is applied around the mouth of beehives during spring (February-April) and is believed to serve as a snack for bees on their way out for the first foraging trips of the year and a medicine against 'disease' that affects bees at this time. Bees appear to cluster upon this substance and feed from it. It does not seem to induce robbing.'Bhuko' is a high-altitude herb (Gnaphalium sp.) collected in autumn (September/October) and placed in hives as insulation. The bees chew up the flower heads and fluffy leaves, and farmers believe that the bees can obtain crystallised nectar and pollen from the flower-heads. Some beekeepers hide raw honey inside bunches of 'bhuko' so that bees do not stick to it while feeding. 'Pirul' (pine needles) are packed inside hives, outside the inner layer of 'bhuko', and also around the outside of hives as insulation. They do not encourage mice in the same way as straw. In some areas 'pire gass', a high-altitude grass that is hot and spicy in flavour, is also used. Some farmers enclose this insulation with flat stones or slates and at high altitudes will even build a wall enclosing the hives. This helps protect against pine martens.
Traditional methods of disease control
Jumla farmers recognise diseased bees in various ways, e.g., black and/or angry bees, absconding, bees not working, and bees inactive, hanging together by the feet. Brood disease is recognised when bees are seen throwing out dead larvae ('that look like grains of cooked rice'), by a sour smell and black combs.The traditional method of treating disease, other than feeding with honey or 'koira ko butun' is to apply a herbal smoke, especially on Tuesdays. The constituents of this vary. Of 16 farmers interviewed who applied smoke, most used 'dhoopi' (Juniperus spp.). Botanical identification of other ingredients used to smoke bees is yet to be completed. Some believe that 'puja', sprinkling a teaspoonful of cow urine together with 'chuna jurro' (local herb), is effective. Hive condensation, when bees are in occupancy, is solved by wiping the wetness off and sprinkling barley flou
Monday, June 29, 2009
yarsagumba
Cordyceps Sinesis Or Yarsagumba Or Yarchagumba Or Natural Viagra.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba in nepal is a rare species of plant widely used both in clinical medicine Yarsagumba with its Latin name cordyceps sinesis literally means summer plant and winter insect in the higher himalayan region of Nepal. Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinesis) locally called as "Yarchagumba or Yarsagumba" which is an insect parasite fungus having high commercial demand as tonic/aphrodisiac. Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is a rare and unique herb that grows in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan region of Nepal . Cordyceps is found in subalpine pasture lands of Nepal including Jumla and Dolpa area belonging to Karnali zone. Yarchagumba, which means (herb of life).
There are various types of famous medicinal plants found in Nepal but the popularity of cordyceps or yarsagumba is simply overwhelming. Before the rainy season begins, spores of the cordyceps mushroom settle on the heads of caterpillars' that lives underground. The fungus gets so much into the body of the caterpillars' that it grows out through its head and drains all the energy from the insect and ultimately it dies.
For the last couple of years, the trade of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is increasing and it has been regarded as an expensive life saving tonic. Headache, toothache or any other disease - yarsagumba is the remedy. And not only that, it is also believed to be a cure for sexual impotency – a Himalayan Herbal Viagra or Natural Viagra.
Every year during May and June, thousands of villagers from remote areas risking their own lives head for high mountains to collect cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba. It is estimated that one villager can earn up to Rs. 2,500 approximately to $35 a day by collecting cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba which is beyond the monthly salary of many Nepalese households. Dolpa – a remote district in western Nepal with high steep valleys and dry climate is one of the foremost areas for collecting Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba. Almost 50% of the annual supply of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba comes from Dolpa alone. Here, not only the adults but school goers also take unofficial holidays in search of the gold rush. Collection of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba was illegal until 2001 but following its popularity and the lobbying from various organizations, the Government lifted the ban but imposed a royalty rate of Rs. 20,000 (US$ 280) per kilogram(2.2lbs). One kilo of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba that costs about Rs. 315 (US$ 5/6) in 1992 increased to Rs. 105,000 (US$ 1,435) by the year 2002 and the price has been shooting up so as the international interest on the mysterious half-caterpillar-half-mushroom known as Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is mostly found in Nepal , Tibet and China . Tibetan herders observed that the Yaks who eat Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba had more energy and were more highly sexed. This encouraged the herders to try Cordyceps which has since led to it use by people over the ages and increasingly all over the world. In ancient China it was cooked with chicken to make a tonic broth in early spring and early winter to help the body adjust to seasonal changes and routinely given to old people to ease aches and pains. The ancient method involves simmering Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba in a double boiler for several hours and then sipping the liquid as tea or eating the whole fruiting body including the host. It tastes like liquorice. Cordyceps was, and still is, a popular aphrodisiac for men, cooked with gin and soy sauce inside the head of a duck.
MEDICAL USE OF CORDYCEPS OR YARSAGUMBA OR YARCHAGUMBA
Cordyceps or yarsagumba is a rare species of plant widely used both in clinical medicine and as a household remedy. Following are the uses of cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is also considered potent at strengthening lung and kidneys, increasing energy and vitality, stopping hemorrhage, decreasing phlegm.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba has traditionally been used for impotence, backache, to increase sperm production and to increase blood production.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is used specifically for excess tiredness, chronic cough and asthma, impotence, debility, anemia, to build the bone marrow.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is taken for shortness of breath, asthma, impotency, emission, soreness of loins and knees, dizziness and tinnitus.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is also use for strengthen the immune system of tumor patients who have received radiotherapy, Chemotherapy or operation
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba can also used as Natural Viagra.
FOLK MEDICINE USE OF CORDYCEPS OR YARSAGUMBA OR YARCHAGUMBA
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba was either ground into a powder, or mixed with other tonics
Today the most popular recipe for caterpillar fungus
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba in nepal is a rare species of plant widely used both in clinical medicine Yarsagumba with its Latin name cordyceps sinesis literally means summer plant and winter insect in the higher himalayan region of Nepal. Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinesis) locally called as "Yarchagumba or Yarsagumba" which is an insect parasite fungus having high commercial demand as tonic/aphrodisiac. Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is a rare and unique herb that grows in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan region of Nepal . Cordyceps is found in subalpine pasture lands of Nepal including Jumla and Dolpa area belonging to Karnali zone. Yarchagumba, which means (herb of life).
There are various types of famous medicinal plants found in Nepal but the popularity of cordyceps or yarsagumba is simply overwhelming. Before the rainy season begins, spores of the cordyceps mushroom settle on the heads of caterpillars' that lives underground. The fungus gets so much into the body of the caterpillars' that it grows out through its head and drains all the energy from the insect and ultimately it dies.
For the last couple of years, the trade of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is increasing and it has been regarded as an expensive life saving tonic. Headache, toothache or any other disease - yarsagumba is the remedy. And not only that, it is also believed to be a cure for sexual impotency – a Himalayan Herbal Viagra or Natural Viagra.
Every year during May and June, thousands of villagers from remote areas risking their own lives head for high mountains to collect cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba. It is estimated that one villager can earn up to Rs. 2,500 approximately to $35 a day by collecting cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba which is beyond the monthly salary of many Nepalese households. Dolpa – a remote district in western Nepal with high steep valleys and dry climate is one of the foremost areas for collecting Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba. Almost 50% of the annual supply of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba comes from Dolpa alone. Here, not only the adults but school goers also take unofficial holidays in search of the gold rush. Collection of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba was illegal until 2001 but following its popularity and the lobbying from various organizations, the Government lifted the ban but imposed a royalty rate of Rs. 20,000 (US$ 280) per kilogram(2.2lbs). One kilo of Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba that costs about Rs. 315 (US$ 5/6) in 1992 increased to Rs. 105,000 (US$ 1,435) by the year 2002 and the price has been shooting up so as the international interest on the mysterious half-caterpillar-half-mushroom known as Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is mostly found in Nepal , Tibet and China . Tibetan herders observed that the Yaks who eat Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba had more energy and were more highly sexed. This encouraged the herders to try Cordyceps which has since led to it use by people over the ages and increasingly all over the world. In ancient China it was cooked with chicken to make a tonic broth in early spring and early winter to help the body adjust to seasonal changes and routinely given to old people to ease aches and pains. The ancient method involves simmering Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba in a double boiler for several hours and then sipping the liquid as tea or eating the whole fruiting body including the host. It tastes like liquorice. Cordyceps was, and still is, a popular aphrodisiac for men, cooked with gin and soy sauce inside the head of a duck.
MEDICAL USE OF CORDYCEPS OR YARSAGUMBA OR YARCHAGUMBA
Cordyceps or yarsagumba is a rare species of plant widely used both in clinical medicine and as a household remedy. Following are the uses of cordyceps or yarsagumba or yarchagumba.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is also considered potent at strengthening lung and kidneys, increasing energy and vitality, stopping hemorrhage, decreasing phlegm.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba has traditionally been used for impotence, backache, to increase sperm production and to increase blood production.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is used specifically for excess tiredness, chronic cough and asthma, impotence, debility, anemia, to build the bone marrow.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is taken for shortness of breath, asthma, impotency, emission, soreness of loins and knees, dizziness and tinnitus.
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba is also use for strengthen the immune system of tumor patients who have received radiotherapy, Chemotherapy or operation
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba can also used as Natural Viagra.
FOLK MEDICINE USE OF CORDYCEPS OR YARSAGUMBA OR YARCHAGUMBA
Cordyceps or Yarsagumba or Yarchagumba was either ground into a powder, or mixed with other tonics
Today the most popular recipe for caterpillar fungus
foreign corresponding yarchagumba
FARMAR: They’re making the exhausting and dangerous journey up the Himalayan Mountains in search of the world’s most rare and expensive herb. This is Dolpa, with no roads, few jobs and reliant on food aid. It’s the poorest and least developed region of Nepal. Over the next few days more than fifty thousand people will travel along these trails. They’ve already been walking for seventeen days and for the next six weeks they’ll be camping on these mountains to harvest yarchagumba, a valuable and extraordinary substance known as ‘Himalayan Viagra’ – the herb of life. Entire villages migrate for the harvest, locking up their homes and leaving the schools deserted.JAYA BAHADUR: There are 503 students in 19 schools, but now there are no students in any of the schools. All the students have gone to collect yarchagumba, because it’s an important income source in Dolpa. So they went to collect yarchagumba to earn money.FARMAR: Is it the holidays at the moment or is this school term?JAYA BAHADUR: It’s not a holiday. All the teachers are waiting for the students to come back to school.FARMAR: In the rush many ignore the dangers of altitude sickness. This boy’s being carried home after he started coughing blood. His younger brother died the day before. The Buddhist Lama is praying for this man’s soul in the next life. He died from exhaustion and cold. Paljung has come up from the valley with his family. He’s making breakfast before setting off for work. He’s only twelve and for the first time his parents have brought him with his younger sister Noomba and their blind brother to harvest yarchagumba. For most of the year they have no income. They survive on what little food they grow. Now they’re hoping to strike it rich. The life cycle of Yarchagumba is not fully understood but what we do know is that at the beginning of the monsoon, spores of the cordiceps mushroom land on the head of caterpillars from the Lepidoptera family. The parasite then works its way into the insect’s brain, soaking up its energy before killing it.The dead caterpillars lay buried in the soil. You need really good eyes to find them. All you can see from the surface are tiny brown stalks among the grass. WOMAN: [searching for yarchagumba] Come and see what I’ve found… It’s so beautiful. Do you want to touch it? WOMAN’S SON: Oh yes, please. How precious it is.WOMAN: What a blessing for us.FARMAR: They’re only found at high altitudes in remote parts of the Himalayas but the world’s best yarchagumba comes from here, in Dolpa. Chinese emperors from the Qing dynasty were the first to use it and at the last Olympics, the Chinese athletics team attributed nine of their gold medals to a diet supplemented with the herb.Paljung and Noomba will collect around 20 caterpillars a day. They sell them for a dollar each to the traders. In Dolpa a dollar is a daily wage for a skilled worker. His family hopes to sell 1000 caterpillars by the end of the season. For a country where the average income is less than 300 dollars a year, this represents a fortune.Eventually each caterpillar will be sold for up to thirty dollars, the main markets are China, Singapore and Taiwan. The trade is worth about two and a half million dollars to Dolpa. The government should make ten percent of this in taxes but over the last few years Maoist rebels have taken over most of Dolpa, forcing out government agencies, destroying their buildings and killing their officials. Now they’re taking the yarchagumba tax for themselves, starving the government of its income.When the snow melts it will be up here at just below 5000 metres that the world’s best yarchagumba will be collected. The nearest government tax station is over there, in the far south of the region and China where the best prices for yarchagumba are fetched is only three days walk away. It’s little wonder that the vast majority of yarchagumba is smuggled out of Nepal with the Maoists taking the largest chunk of the profits.This is Nepal’s main yarchagumba exporter. He’s come back home to Dolpa for the harvest. His business has been damaged by the Maoists. NAGENDRA BUDHATHOKI: The Maoists make money out of trade of yarchagumba by imposing tax on the traders and by collecting entry and harvest permits to harvesters and by harvesting themselves and by imposing fines to the harvesters and local people and in last year’s case, they made a huge amount of money by looting around 200 cases of yarchagumba.FARMAR: The local Dolpali are furious that people from outside this area have come in to harvest their yarchagumba. With the government forced out, the Maoists are in charge so the locals want the Maoists to send the others back.WOMAN: [Shouting at Maoist Soldier] You might as well kill us all! How can we feed our children if you allow others in she shouts.With feelings running high the Maoists decide to confiscate the men’s knives. The more people picking the crop, the more tax the Maoists can claim so they’re reluctant to turn anyone away.MAOIST: We make a lot of money from the tax people pay on yarchagumba, it’s the main source of income for our party. FARMAR: Altogether the Maoists earn more than three million dollars a year from the herb. The funds pay for their army, which is cheap to run. These two soldiers like many others are volunteers. They don’t wear a uniform and expect locals to house and feed them. Their weapons are often basic, even homemade.Is that a grenade in your pocket?MAOIST: Yes grenade.FARMAR: Can I see it? MAOIST: Yes.FARMAR: How are you going to use that?MAOIST: It’s for fighting against the government.FARMAR: It’s for fighting against the government?MAOIST: Yes.FARMAR: The Maoists fight extends to civilian targets. They killed fifty-three people including many young children when they bombed a bus in the south of the country. In the last nine years, more than twelve thousand people have been killed. The Maoists want to replace the monarchy with a communist republic. The conflict has escalated in recent months since the King grabbed power and declared a state of emergency, sacking the Prime Minister and suspending civil rights. The new government, which enjoys little support, says it wants to end the fighting but with the rebels in control of two thirds of the country, hopes of peace are dying. After walking for five days I finally arrived in Dunia, the capital of Dolpa and one of only two government strongholds in a predominantly Maoist controlled area. It’s here that the government will try to extract a tax of 285 dollars per kilo from any yarchagumba trader who unwittingly passes through.In Dunia, the chief military official refuses to admit the Maoists are running the yarchagumba business.SHANKAR KOIRALA: There is no Maoist interference, because we always provide high security in this district… because of that, there is no Maoist influence in this area. FARMAR: And if you go up to Upper Dolpa?SHANKAR KOIRALA: We always monitor the situation. If we need to, we will go to every part of the district.FARMAR: So no problem?SHANKAR KOIRALA: No problem.FARMAR: But the truth is more than 90% of yarchagumba is smuggled out with no tax paid to the government and when people do pay the official tax, the Maoists punish them. One trader told me his donkeys were kidnapped, they were carrying his crop worth a million dollars.ROBBED TRADER: The donkeys were carrying my yarchagumba. Eleven of them were stolen by armed men, Maoists, but they didn’t harm my wife and children.FARMAR: But despite the risks it’s still good business. The price of yarchagumba has soared in the last ten years. It’s up by a staggering 4000%.SINGAPOREAN TRADER: A friend of mine who went to Japan and went to one restaurant where they were selling a vegetable soup with three yarchagumba floating on top and the price was a hundred dollars per bowl of soup.FARMAR: Here in Kathmandu the herb is processed and sold as a miracle health drink and even as a treatment for cancer patients. It’s only in the last three years that it’s been legal to collect yarchagumba in Nepal. Until then it was a protected species. RAAJ WAIBA: The main property it gives you like it says energy unlimited so it works as a viagra so I call it a very natural viagra from the Himalayas like you know. So poo man it makes you get really, really sexy I guess? FARMAR: Studies at Beijing Medical University have shown a 64% success rate among men suffering from impotence after taking a course of yarchagumba. It’s suggested it’s first dried and powdered before being mixed with milk but Tibetans have another idea. They suggest mixing it with sparrow’s head and the urine of a snow frog. Well whatever the concoction, the best thing is there’s no side effects.These yaks are carrying a valuable yarchagumba consignment. They’re heading away from the government areas towards the Chinese border. The Maoists have already taken their cut, leaving the government without a penny and further weakened by the loss of income. In Dolpa a family’s wealth is measured by the number of children who can pick yarchagumba. For Paljung’s family, the political situation is beyond their grasp. They’re only looking to survive, unaware they’re fuelling a war, which is destroying their country.
yarchagumba
Yarchagumba, Nepal's Natural Viagra
Every May and June, thousands of villagers risk their lives collecting the fungus in the high mounta
Arjun Sharma (arjunji)
Email Article Print Article
Published 2006-02-23 15:09 (KST)
Yarchagumba, a rare parasitic fungus(*) used for medicine, is still not recognized by the Nepal government as a possible source of revenue. There are no processing factories and industry for Yarchagumba. A huge amount of the drug is trafficked across the border to India and China. The herbal medicine, strongly believed to be a remedy for sexual dysfunction, is the main cause of attraction towards it. The recipes and culinary dishes prepared by mixing Yarchagumba in Japan, Britain and other countries costs hundreds of dollars. So it's a multi-million dollar business.Yarchagumba is found in the high mountainous region of western Nepal. The government lifted a ban on the medicine but imposed a royalty tax rate of $280 per kilogram. The current cost of Yarchagumba is $2,100 per kilogram. It's price has been skyrocketing, as international interest has grown for this mysterious fungus.Every year during May and June, thousands of villagers from remote areas risking their own lives head for the high mountains to collect Yarchagumba. It is estimated that one villager can earn up to Rs. 2,500 or $35 a day, which is beyond the monthly salary of many Nepalese households. Dolpa -- a remote district in western Nepal with steep valleys and a dry climate is one of the foremost areas for collecting Yarchagumba. Almost 50 percent of the annual supply of Yarchagumba comes from Dolpa alone. Here, not only the adults but school kids also take unofficial holidays in search of the gold rush. Yarchagumba grows in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan region of Nepal. There are various types of famous medicinal plants found in Nepal but the popularity of Yarchagumba is simply overwhelming. For the last couple of years, the trade of Yarchagumba is increasing and it has been regarded as an expensive life-saving tonic. Headache, toothache or any other disease -- Yarchagumba is the remedy. And not only that, it is also believed to be a cure for sexual impotency -- a Himalayan natural viagra. Its Latin name is cordyceps sinesis. Yarchagumba literally means "summer plant and winter insect" in Tibetan. Before the rainy season begins, spores of the cordyceps mushroom settle on the heads of caterpillars' that live underground. The fungus gets so much into the body of the caterpillars' that it grows out through its head and drains all the energy from the insect and ultimately it dies.Eventually, Dolpa's Yarchagumba ends up in places like Japan, where a bowl of soup containing just three caterpillars costs $100. Taxes levied on this multi-million dollar trade should be a boon to the coffers of the Nepalese Government. Unfortunately, the Dolpa region is also a stronghold of Nepal's Maoists who control the harvest and export of Yarchagumba -- using it to fund their rebellion against the central government.
Every May and June, thousands of villagers risk their lives collecting the fungus in the high mounta
Arjun Sharma (arjunji)
Email Article Print Article
Published 2006-02-23 15:09 (KST)
Yarchagumba, a rare parasitic fungus(*) used for medicine, is still not recognized by the Nepal government as a possible source of revenue. There are no processing factories and industry for Yarchagumba. A huge amount of the drug is trafficked across the border to India and China. The herbal medicine, strongly believed to be a remedy for sexual dysfunction, is the main cause of attraction towards it. The recipes and culinary dishes prepared by mixing Yarchagumba in Japan, Britain and other countries costs hundreds of dollars. So it's a multi-million dollar business.Yarchagumba is found in the high mountainous region of western Nepal. The government lifted a ban on the medicine but imposed a royalty tax rate of $280 per kilogram. The current cost of Yarchagumba is $2,100 per kilogram. It's price has been skyrocketing, as international interest has grown for this mysterious fungus.Every year during May and June, thousands of villagers from remote areas risking their own lives head for the high mountains to collect Yarchagumba. It is estimated that one villager can earn up to Rs. 2,500 or $35 a day, which is beyond the monthly salary of many Nepalese households. Dolpa -- a remote district in western Nepal with steep valleys and a dry climate is one of the foremost areas for collecting Yarchagumba. Almost 50 percent of the annual supply of Yarchagumba comes from Dolpa alone. Here, not only the adults but school kids also take unofficial holidays in search of the gold rush. Yarchagumba grows in the meadows above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet) in the Himalayan region of Nepal. There are various types of famous medicinal plants found in Nepal but the popularity of Yarchagumba is simply overwhelming. For the last couple of years, the trade of Yarchagumba is increasing and it has been regarded as an expensive life-saving tonic. Headache, toothache or any other disease -- Yarchagumba is the remedy. And not only that, it is also believed to be a cure for sexual impotency -- a Himalayan natural viagra. Its Latin name is cordyceps sinesis. Yarchagumba literally means "summer plant and winter insect" in Tibetan. Before the rainy season begins, spores of the cordyceps mushroom settle on the heads of caterpillars' that live underground. The fungus gets so much into the body of the caterpillars' that it grows out through its head and drains all the energy from the insect and ultimately it dies.Eventually, Dolpa's Yarchagumba ends up in places like Japan, where a bowl of soup containing just three caterpillars costs $100. Taxes levied on this multi-million dollar trade should be a boon to the coffers of the Nepalese Government. Unfortunately, the Dolpa region is also a stronghold of Nepal's Maoists who control the harvest and export of Yarchagumba -- using it to fund their rebellion against the central government.
How to Trade Currency Forex FX
REGISTER AND MAKE MONEY TO READY MASSAGE
document.write(writeForm('#003366','#339900','#FFCCCC','#000000','USD','ZMK','#CCCC66','#000000'));
Currency Converter
29-Jun-2009
Convert:
United States DollarCanadian DollarEuropean Union EuroPound SterlingSwiss FrancJapan YenAustralian DollarNew Zealand DollarHong Kong DollarUAE DirhamArgentine PesoBarbados DollarBrazilian RealChilean PesoYuan RenminbiCyprus PoundCzech KorunaDanish KroneAlgerian DinarEgyptian PoundFiji DollarHungary ForintIndonesia RupiahNew Israeli SheqelIndian RupeeIceland KronaJamaican DollarJordanian DinarKorea (South) WonLebanese PoundMexican PesoMalaysian RinggitNorwegian KronePhilippine PesoPakistan RupeePoland ZlotyRomania LeuSaudi RiyalSudanese DinarSwedish KronaSingapore DollarSlovak KorunaThailand BahtTurkish LiraTrinidad/Tobago DollarNew Taiwan DollarVenezuela BolivarVietnam DongEast Carribbean DollarSouth Africa RandZambia Kwacha
Amount:
To:
United States DollarCanadian DollarEuropean Union EuroPound SterlingSwiss FrancJapan YenAustralian DollarNew Zealand DollarHong Kong DollarUAE DirhamArgentine PesoBarbados DollarBrazilian RealChilean PesoYuan RenminbiCyprus PoundCzech KorunaDanish KroneAlgerian DinarEgyptian PoundFiji DollarHungary ForintIndonesia RupiahNew Israeli SheqelIndian RupeeIceland KronaJamaican DollarJordanian DinarKorea (South) WonLebanese PoundMexican PesoMalaysian RinggitNorwegian KronePhilippine PesoPakistan RupeePoland ZlotyRomania LeuSaudi RiyalSudanese DinarSwedish KronaSingapore DollarSlovak KorunaThailand BahtTurkish LiraTrinidad/Tobago DollarNew Taiwan DollarVenezuela BolivarVietnam DongEast Carribbean DollarSouth Africa RandZambia Kwacha
Result: Details:
Change from yesterday: currency converter
Monday, April 6, 2009
How to Trade Currency Forex FX
Foreign Currency Market
InstructionsIn the financial world there has been a lot of buzz about Forex or foreign exchange trading. This is a brief overview.
Step1The world currency market, forex, fx or foreign exchange evolved in the early 1970 when world currencies gradually became free floating instead of pegged a government exchange rate against the U.S. dollar or other major currency. There are many reasons for this. As markets became more global corporations needed holdings, payroll and investment money in other currencies. A market developed similar to the stock market or commodities market to accommodate large trades.
Step2 In today's financial world there are many players in foreign exchange of currency. The biggest of course are governments, central banks and large commercial banks, followed by corporations, importers and exporters, speculators and investors. This area has become very volatile and very large as a short term and long term investment vehicle.
Step3Unlike the stock market share of a company, world currencies do not have a net loss of value. If the dollar rises against the Euro the Euro falls and so forth. If a currency goes up it is being valued against another currency that is falling. That means economics, political stability and many other factors play a roll in movement of a currency. War, crop failure on a wide scale, weather and major events all play a part as well as the general attitude about a countries direction and government economic policies.
Step4Trading currencies is very much like trading stock and commodities as far as actual trades go. You need to open a brokerage account with a trading company. Most trading is online for the small investor - speculator. You can leverage your capital for greater profit and greater loss potential. This of course compounds your risk and exposure to loss or profit. You can open an account with as little as $10.00 but need to have more of course to realize any life changing financial gains or losses. Several on line firms have play accounts where you can experiment with virtual dollars beginning with $5,000 or $50,000 to see what would happen and get your feet wet. It is a virtual money account that costs nothing and returns nothing so you can get a feel for trading.
Step5There is a very knowledgeable market out there. If you are serious about forex trading in your financial portfolio it is best to follow a successful mentor. So much information goes into the background of what makes a currency rise or fall. It is not a game of random guessing. Hot currency tips are harder to come by than stock tips. More variables effect money than a single company and its direction. Good Luck
document.write(writeForm('#003366','#339900','#FFCCCC','#000000','USD','ZMK','#CCCC66','#000000'));
Currency Converter
29-Jun-2009
Convert:
United States DollarCanadian DollarEuropean Union EuroPound SterlingSwiss FrancJapan YenAustralian DollarNew Zealand DollarHong Kong DollarUAE DirhamArgentine PesoBarbados DollarBrazilian RealChilean PesoYuan RenminbiCyprus PoundCzech KorunaDanish KroneAlgerian DinarEgyptian PoundFiji DollarHungary ForintIndonesia RupiahNew Israeli SheqelIndian RupeeIceland KronaJamaican DollarJordanian DinarKorea (South) WonLebanese PoundMexican PesoMalaysian RinggitNorwegian KronePhilippine PesoPakistan RupeePoland ZlotyRomania LeuSaudi RiyalSudanese DinarSwedish KronaSingapore DollarSlovak KorunaThailand BahtTurkish LiraTrinidad/Tobago DollarNew Taiwan DollarVenezuela BolivarVietnam DongEast Carribbean DollarSouth Africa RandZambia Kwacha
Amount:
To:
United States DollarCanadian DollarEuropean Union EuroPound SterlingSwiss FrancJapan YenAustralian DollarNew Zealand DollarHong Kong DollarUAE DirhamArgentine PesoBarbados DollarBrazilian RealChilean PesoYuan RenminbiCyprus PoundCzech KorunaDanish KroneAlgerian DinarEgyptian PoundFiji DollarHungary ForintIndonesia RupiahNew Israeli SheqelIndian RupeeIceland KronaJamaican DollarJordanian DinarKorea (South) WonLebanese PoundMexican PesoMalaysian RinggitNorwegian KronePhilippine PesoPakistan RupeePoland ZlotyRomania LeuSaudi RiyalSudanese DinarSwedish KronaSingapore DollarSlovak KorunaThailand BahtTurkish LiraTrinidad/Tobago DollarNew Taiwan DollarVenezuela BolivarVietnam DongEast Carribbean DollarSouth Africa RandZambia Kwacha
Result: Details:
Change from yesterday: currency converter
Monday, April 6, 2009
How to Trade Currency Forex FX
Foreign Currency Market
InstructionsIn the financial world there has been a lot of buzz about Forex or foreign exchange trading. This is a brief overview.
Step1The world currency market, forex, fx or foreign exchange evolved in the early 1970 when world currencies gradually became free floating instead of pegged a government exchange rate against the U.S. dollar or other major currency. There are many reasons for this. As markets became more global corporations needed holdings, payroll and investment money in other currencies. A market developed similar to the stock market or commodities market to accommodate large trades.
Step2 In today's financial world there are many players in foreign exchange of currency. The biggest of course are governments, central banks and large commercial banks, followed by corporations, importers and exporters, speculators and investors. This area has become very volatile and very large as a short term and long term investment vehicle.
Step3Unlike the stock market share of a company, world currencies do not have a net loss of value. If the dollar rises against the Euro the Euro falls and so forth. If a currency goes up it is being valued against another currency that is falling. That means economics, political stability and many other factors play a roll in movement of a currency. War, crop failure on a wide scale, weather and major events all play a part as well as the general attitude about a countries direction and government economic policies.
Step4Trading currencies is very much like trading stock and commodities as far as actual trades go. You need to open a brokerage account with a trading company. Most trading is online for the small investor - speculator. You can leverage your capital for greater profit and greater loss potential. This of course compounds your risk and exposure to loss or profit. You can open an account with as little as $10.00 but need to have more of course to realize any life changing financial gains or losses. Several on line firms have play accounts where you can experiment with virtual dollars beginning with $5,000 or $50,000 to see what would happen and get your feet wet. It is a virtual money account that costs nothing and returns nothing so you can get a feel for trading.
Step5There is a very knowledgeable market out there. If you are serious about forex trading in your financial portfolio it is best to follow a successful mentor. So much information goes into the background of what makes a currency rise or fall. It is not a game of random guessing. Hot currency tips are harder to come by than stock tips. More variables effect money than a single company and its direction. Good Luck
Foreign Exchange Market
Risk Disclosure: Trading foreign exchange on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The high degree of leverage can work against you as well as for you. Before deciding to invest in foreign exchange you should carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, and risk appetite. The possibility exists that you could sustain a loss of some or all of your initial investment and therefore you should not invest money that you cannot afford to lose. You should be aware of all the risks associated with foreign exchange trading, and seek advice from an independent financial advisor if you have any doubts.
*Disclaimer: Any opinions or recommendations expressed on any third party website are solely those of the independent providers and are not the opinions, recommendations or necessarily the views of GoForex. GoForex does not provide any legal, tax, accounting or investment advice concerning the suitability or profitability of any security or investment. GoForex has taken reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of the information on the website, however, does not guarantee its accuracy, and will not accept liability for any loss or damage which may arise directly or indirectly from the content or your inability to access the website, for any delay in or failure of the transmission or the receipt of any instruction or notifications sent through this website. Any performance claims made by third-party advertisements on this site are not necessarily indicative of future results. ZuluTrade and the FCM are compensated by th
*Disclaimer: Any opinions or recommendations expressed on any third party website are solely those of the independent providers and are not the opinions, recommendations or necessarily the views of GoForex. GoForex does not provide any legal, tax, accounting or investment advice concerning the suitability or profitability of any security or investment. GoForex has taken reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of the information on the website, however, does not guarantee its accuracy, and will not accept liability for any loss or damage which may arise directly or indirectly from the content or your inability to access the website, for any delay in or failure of the transmission or the receipt of any instruction or notifications sent through this website. Any performance claims made by third-party advertisements on this site are not necessarily indicative of future results. ZuluTrade and the FCM are compensated by th
Foreign Exchange Market
Risk Disclosure: Trading foreign exchange on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The high degree of leverage can work against you as well as for you. Before deciding to invest in foreign exchange you should carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, and risk appetite. The possibility exists that you could sustain a loss of some or all of your initial investment and therefore you should not invest money that you cannot afford to lose. You should be aware of all the risks associated with foreign exchange trading, and seek advice from an independent financial advisor if you have any doubts.
*Disclaimer: Any opinions or recommendations expressed on any third party website are solely those of the independent providers and are not the opinions, recommendations or necessarily the views of GoForex. GoForex does not provide any legal, tax, accounting or investment advice concerning the suitability or profitability of any security or investment. GoForex has taken reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of the information on the website, however, does not guarantee its accuracy, and will not accept liability for any loss or damage which may arise directly or indirectly from the content or your inability to access the website, for any delay in or failure of the transmission or the receipt of any instruction or notifications sent through this website. Any performance claims made by third-party advertisements on this site are not necessarily indicative of future results. ZuluTrade and the FCM are compensated by th
*Disclaimer: Any opinions or recommendations expressed on any third party website are solely those of the independent providers and are not the opinions, recommendations or necessarily the views of GoForex. GoForex does not provide any legal, tax, accounting or investment advice concerning the suitability or profitability of any security or investment. GoForex has taken reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of the information on the website, however, does not guarantee its accuracy, and will not accept liability for any loss or damage which may arise directly or indirectly from the content or your inability to access the website, for any delay in or failure of the transmission or the receipt of any instruction or notifications sent through this website. Any performance claims made by third-party advertisements on this site are not necessarily indicative of future results. ZuluTrade and the FCM are compensated by th
How to Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot
Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot "Robot" Regarding currency trading, this review will focus on the Forex Trade autopilot online forex trading system, created by currency trading expert. Currency trading software, Forex Autopilot, is a widely used trading software that makes more money in the currency trading market. It is regarded by many as one of the best foreign exchange trading software on the market today, especially for consumers.
Instructions
Step1Forex autopilot system was created by Mark Copeland, who started trading Forex 8 years ago. He was an analyst at Goldman Sachs, and while it investigated the large complex systems like the big boys are used to make the clearance of million dollars in the forex currency exchange markets.Forex autopilot is the most prominent and well-known platform for automated currency trading transactions online, and today is, actually, the original Forex robot to be released to the public. But when he says this, the trading program is good and everything that can be expected to make money with it? Please read on...
Step2First, no forex or currency trading system software can ensure easy, consistent profit all the time. The currency trading market, as the stock market, consists of too many unpredictable factors. Anyone who promises to be able to read the future as a fortune teller is a liar. The exchange rate is similar to games. But what success forex system robot can do is increase the odds, significantly, in your favor. Then there will be a good probability that users will make significant money in the long term using the software.
Step3The currency trading system uses only the most advanced technology, running on hundreds of computers, hence the term,"robot". The system runs on trade target platform, which is the most famous foreign exchange trading platform in the world.Forex currency trading autopilot was designed especially for someone who has no experience of holding a rent in line to enter the lucrative world of currency trading and international currencies. In the past, he would have to spend much of their time, money and effort in learning how the world works in the forex exchange, or hire an experienced operator to do the work for you, now you can enter this world, with absolutely no experience, and with an investment of as little as $100 start the ball rolling.Forex trade autopilot currency trading software provides automatic robot driven by trading in the foreign exchange market. The creators of these automated trading Forex say that you can make easy profits with little time and without understanding the complex algorithms. In this review, I will show you how to decide whether the system of automatic robot forex trading is legitimate or fraud.Scroll Down To "RESOURCES" (for live link) To Get Started With Forex Autopilot.
Instructions
Step1Forex autopilot system was created by Mark Copeland, who started trading Forex 8 years ago. He was an analyst at Goldman Sachs, and while it investigated the large complex systems like the big boys are used to make the clearance of million dollars in the forex currency exchange markets.Forex autopilot is the most prominent and well-known platform for automated currency trading transactions online, and today is, actually, the original Forex robot to be released to the public. But when he says this, the trading program is good and everything that can be expected to make money with it? Please read on...
Step2First, no forex or currency trading system software can ensure easy, consistent profit all the time. The currency trading market, as the stock market, consists of too many unpredictable factors. Anyone who promises to be able to read the future as a fortune teller is a liar. The exchange rate is similar to games. But what success forex system robot can do is increase the odds, significantly, in your favor. Then there will be a good probability that users will make significant money in the long term using the software.
Step3The currency trading system uses only the most advanced technology, running on hundreds of computers, hence the term,"robot". The system runs on trade target platform, which is the most famous foreign exchange trading platform in the world.Forex currency trading autopilot was designed especially for someone who has no experience of holding a rent in line to enter the lucrative world of currency trading and international currencies. In the past, he would have to spend much of their time, money and effort in learning how the world works in the forex exchange, or hire an experienced operator to do the work for you, now you can enter this world, with absolutely no experience, and with an investment of as little as $100 start the ball rolling.Forex trade autopilot currency trading software provides automatic robot driven by trading in the foreign exchange market. The creators of these automated trading Forex say that you can make easy profits with little time and without understanding the complex algorithms. In this review, I will show you how to decide whether the system of automatic robot forex trading is legitimate or fraud.Scroll Down To "RESOURCES" (for live link) To Get Started With Forex Autopilot.
forex
Step1The step 1 explains the notion behind the FOREX trading by defining certian concepts and terms.The foreign exchange trading is always done in terms of quotes and understanding these quotes might not be very easy in the first place. In order to get a hold on the foreign exchange quotes, a person needs to remember two things [4] i.e.a) ''The currency listed first in the quote is the base currency andb) The base currency has always the value 1.''For instance, GBP/JPY has the base currency as GBP. The quotes are generally expressed in terms of pair currencies e.g. if quote states that GBP/JPY is equal to value 221.91 that means 1 GBP values to 221.91 Japanese yen. So, if this value increases then GBP has appreciated in value in comparison to Japanese yen. The prices in these quotes are expressed in terms of pips which stand for “percentage in points”. These are basically the fourth decimal point i.e. 1/100th of 1%. The example of a quote which involves 10pips increase could be USD/CAD = 1.1355/1.1365 (note the last two digits). In this case, an increase in pips means weakening of Canadian dollar. As per [2], ''the smallest move that a currency pair can make is one basis point or 0.00001.''The quotes also use two important terms known as bid and ask which makes it as a two-sided quote. ''The bid is the price at which the base currency can be sold simultaneously buying the counter currency. The ask is the price at which the base currency can be bought at the same time selling the counter currency'' [2].
Step2The second step describes the powerful features of the FOREX trading system.The leverage & margin are the major features helpful in drawing the attention of the traders because these increase the buying power of the traders. ''The leverage allows the trader to expect high returns on investment (ROI) on even small market movements and it also utilizes less money to trade'' [4].On the other hand, margin in forex allows the investor not to pay any interest to the amount lender on the amount borrowed for the trade. In forex, margin is the minimum amount needed to place the trade. This can be the initial amount with which the forex trading account was opened.The example below helps in explaining the concept in detail:-Supposedly,The balance in the account (trader’s) is = $10000 and the US dollar measured to be as undervalued against the JPY. Now, to place a trade investor has to buy USD by selling JPY and wait till the rate increases. Assuming the current bid/ask price for USD/JPY = 119.30/119.40. This means that the trader can buy $1 US for 119.40 JPY and/or sell it at 119.30 JPY. On leverage 100:1 or 1%, the trader starts buying a lot of 100, 000 USD for 119, 4000 JPY which means that the initial margin deposit for this trade would be = $1000 USD. As expected, the rate now increases by 30 pips making USD/JPY = 119.60/70. The deal is closed by selling the US Dollars at the rate of 119.60 JPY yielding 119, 6000 JPY thus making a total profit of 2000 JPY.=>P&L (in terms of USD) = 2000/ current USD/JPY rate= 2000/ 119.60=>Return on Investment = $16.72
Step3 This step allows user to get familiar with the e-trading using FOREX softwares. The explanatin is provided by using one such software called FX'x GTS.The self-explanatory figure explains a practical knowledge of some terms discussed earliers. The currency pair which has to be bought or sold can can done simply by a click on the sell or buy button in front of that currency. On selection, a quote is prepared and dislplayed in the bottom section for the user to keep a track on. The software also provides some attractive powerful features which allows to add stop/limit and Hedge actions thus making trader constantly aware of his trade.
Step4 This step is furter explanation to the G.T.S software. The trader can select various other currency pairs upon which the trade can be made. The left middle section shows the account details of the account holder i.e. balance, leverage, equity,margins and used margins. The other features which can be seen in the software are session activity, G.T.S charting and latest news that makes the trader aware of latest happenings.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:20 AM 0 comments
How to Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot
Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot "Robot" Regarding currency trading, this review will focus on the Forex Trade autopilot online forex trading system, created by currency trading expert. Currency trading software, Forex Autopilot, is a widely used trading software that makes more money in the currency trading market. It is regarded by many as one of the best foreign exchange trading software on the market today, especially for consumers.
Instructions
Step1Forex autopilot system was created by Mark Copeland, who started trading Forex 8 years ago. He was an analyst at Goldman Sachs, and while it investigated the large complex systems like the big boys are used to make the clearance of million dollars in the forex currency exchange markets.Forex autopilot is the most prominent and well-known platform for automated currency trading transactions online, and today is, actually, the original Forex robot to be released to the public. But when he says this, the trading program is good and everything that can be expected to make money with it? Please read on...
Step2First, no forex or currency trading system software can ensure easy, consistent profit all the time. The currency trading market, as the stock market, consists of too many unpredictable factors. Anyone who promises to be able to read the future as a fortune teller is a liar. The exchange rate is similar to games. But what success forex system robot can do is increase the odds, significantly, in your favor. Then there will be a good probability that users will make significant money in the long term using the software.
Step3The currency trading system uses only the most advanced technology, running on hundreds of computers, hence the term,"robot". The system runs on trade target platform, which is the most famous foreign exchange trading platform in the world.Forex currency trading autopilot was designed especially for someone who has no experience of holding a rent in line to enter the lucrative world of currency trading and international currencies. In the past, he would have to spend much of their time, money and effort in learning how the world works in the forex exchange, or hire an experienced operator to do the work for you, now you can enter this world, with absolutely no experience, and with an investment of as little as $100 start the ball rolling.Forex trade autopilot currency trading software provides automatic robot driven by trading in the foreign exchange market. The creators of these automated trading Forex say that you can make easy profits with little time and without understanding the complex algorithms. In this review, I will show you how to decide whether the system of automatic robot forex trading is legitimate or fraud.Scroll Down To "RESOURCES" (for live link) To Get Started With Forex Autopilot.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:18 AM 0 comments
How to Make Money by Trading Forex
Trading Forex can be scary, exciting, profitable and potentially costly if done incorrectly. Here are some tips and tricks that will help anyone trade Forex like a pro.
Instructions
Step1Select a firm you want to trade with. When you are selecting a Forex trading firm, check the commissions they charge, the spreads they give, the amount of money that is needed to open a account and their requirements for depositing and withdrawing money.
Step2Set up a Demo Trading account. Demo trading is basically paper trading or fake trading. Most firms allow you to set this up with only a email. Install the software platform and your ready to go.
Step3Practice makes perfect. Trade and trade. Experiment, with new things and new ideas. Random guess, big risks, small risks and find out what works and what doesn't. REMEMBER this is fake and its better to make mistakes here than when trading with real money.
Step4Learn to love stop and limits. Stops are predetermined cancellation orders. At the beginning of a trade tell yourself how much are you willing to lose and then set you cancel order. Also, Limits are cancel orders when you take profits. Don't get greedy. Tell yourself ahead of time where you want to take your profits at and stick with it.
Step5Open micro or mini account. Once you've perfected your trading style. open a micro or mini account. Most good firms offer this and you can trade real money for as little as $10. This is key, because making the transition for fake trading to real, can be emotional disturbing for some. Plus, this gives you a chance to see the firm in action for real.
Step6When your ready, progress to a full account. This step can take months for some or days or weeks for others. If at any time you feel your firm isn't performing at acceptable levels, go back to step 1 and start again.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:16 AM 0 comments
How to trade trend lines in the Forex market
Forex market trend line break Using trend lines to trade the Forex and futures market.
Instructions
Step1 Forex chart with a trendline break. When trading the forex market you want to use 5 minute to 30 minute charts if you are daytrading.If you are trading longer term then 60 minute to a 1 day forex chart work best. Up Trend LineAn up trend line has a positive slope and is formed by connecting two of more low points. The second low must be higher than the first for the line to have a positive slope. Up trend lines act as support and indicate that demand is increasing even as the price rises. A rising price combined with increasing demand is very bullish and shows a strong determination on the part of the buyers. As long as prices remain above the trend line, the up trend is considered solid and intact. A break below the up trend line indicates that demand has weakened and a change in trend could occur.Down Trend LineA down trend line has a negative slope and is formed by connecting two or more high points. The second high must be lower than the first for the line to have a negative slope. Down trend lines act as resistance and indicate that supply is increasing even as the price declines. A declining price combined with increasing supply is very bearish and shows the strong resolve of the sellers. As long as prices remain below the down trend line, the downtrend is considered solid and intact. A break above the down trend line indicates that net-supply is decreasing and a change of trend could occur.When you draw an up trend line, you connect the lows of the bars or candlesticks if you are using candlestick charts.Drawing a down trend line, you connect the highs. The first step in constructing a trend line is to choose the time frame: 5 minute,30 minute or longer chart time frames. A long-term time frame can be from 1 day or up to a year, an intermediate period several weeks to several months, and short term will be less than a day to several weeks. The periodicity of the charts, intraday, daily, or weekly will depend on the time frame chosen for trading, in any case, the procedure for drawing the trend line will be the same.Remember you can draw horizontal trend lines to define support and resistance levels.These levels are very important and most forex traders will trade off the support and resistance chart levels.
Step2 Forex chart with a uptrend line Shown in this forex chart you can see a uptrend break. You draw your trend lines depending on the time frame you are using from the low point of the candle stick at around 1.2360 through the high of the day which shows the uptrend. As you can see there is a kiss point where the forex market will likely bounce higher.
Step3 Forex chart EMA break down for short trade This forex chart shows that the EMA and the CCI are breaking down and the CCI is below the 100 line for a possible short trade. The EMA lines are set at 9 and 18 when you set up your forex chart. On the CCI Commodity Channel Index indicator you look for divergences above and below the 100 lines and use the 0 line to look for retraces instead of getting higher lows with price going down which is a divergence. As you can see we use a CCI set at 14 this is the length you should use when you start out with a plus 100 line and minus 100 line which can be set in most charting systems.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:15 AM 0 comments
How to Trade Currency Forex FX
Foreign Currency Market
InstructionsIn the financial world there has been a lot of buzz about Forex or foreign exchange trading. This is a brief overview.
Step1The world currency market, forex, fx or foreign exchange evolved in the early 1970 when world currencies gradually became free floating instead of pegged a government exchange rate against the U.S. dollar or other major currency. There are many reasons for this. As markets became more global corporations needed holdings, payroll and investment money in other currencies. A market developed similar to the stock market or commodities market to accommodate large trades.
Step2 In today's financial world there are many players in foreign exchange of currency. The biggest of course are governments, central banks and large commercial banks, followed by corporations, importers and exporters, speculators and investors. This area has become very volatile and very large as a short term and long term investment vehicle.
Step3Unlike the stock market share of a company, world currencies do not have a net loss of value. If the dollar rises against the Euro the Euro falls and so forth. If a currency goes up it is being valued against another currency that is falling. That means economics, political stability and many other factors play a roll in movement of a currency. War, crop failure on a wide scale, weather and major events all play a part as well as the general attitude about a countries direction and government economic policies.
Step4Trading currencies is very much like trading stock and commodities as far as actual trades go. You need to open a brokerage account with a trading company. Most trading is online for the small investor - speculator. You can leverage your capital for greater profit and greater loss potential. This of course compounds your risk and exposure to loss or profit. You can open an account with as little as $10.00 but need to have more of course to realize any life changing financial gains or losses. Several on line firms have play accounts where you can experiment with virtual dollars beginning with $5,000 or $50,000 to see what would happen and get your feet wet. It is a virtual money account that costs nothing and returns nothing so you can get a feel for trading.
Step5There is a very knowledgeable market out there. If you are serious about forex trading in your financial portfolio it is best to follow a successful mentor. So much information goes into the background of what makes a currency rise or fall. It is not a game of random guessing. Hot currency tips are harder to come by than stock tips. More variables effect money than a single company and its direction. Good Luck
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:13 AM 0 comments
How to trade currency online (Forex)
Currency trade know as forex. If you like to know the stock trading or future trading. You may also like to know currency trading. In some way, they are similar, but more risk. On the other hand, more earning in short time.
Instructions
Step1Search online for "currency trade" or "forex". There are many agents all over the world. You don't need to be US to trade "money". But, there are several US companies provide service over sea. For example, "Forex.com", "FCXM.com" and "e-trade". You will find more than this list.
Step2Sing up for practice account. Most company provide free practice account with real time market. It is good opportunity for people to know this trading and to see are they fitting to this kind of trading.
Step3Also read all the learning information on the web site. You must read through the learning material. Most of them you may know if you familiar with stock trading or some other online trading. But you still need to read. Currency trading is much high risk than other trading.
Step4After you have basic knowledge and try with your practice account. You than make the decision to start trading on real market or just go away.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:11 AM 0 comments
How to Trade FOREX in the Shortest Possible Time
Trading currency in foreign exchange markets, or FOREX, is becoming increasingly popular. There is money to be made; however, many FOREX traders are not consistently profitable. With the advent of mini-FOREX accounts, FOREX trading is now available to anyone with even a small amount of capital.
Instructions
Step1Educate yourself on how the foreign exchange markets work. You will need to understand the basics of relative currency values, which will mean understanding a little economics.
Step2Pick your trading period. Day traders buy large quantities of currency and then wait for small swings in prices to sell for a profit. This approach requires a great deal of time and micromanagement. Swing traders, on the other hand, take a long-term approach and do not need to be constantly attentive to small changes in the market.
Step3Decide if you're going to use a technical or fundamental trading approach. Technical traders, which represent the majority of FOREX traders, make their decisions based on charts, and they buy and sell currencies when they reach certain predetermined levels. Other traders trade on the basis of market fundamentals like news reports, macroeconomic trends and commodity prices. The latter strategy requires a great deal more expertise. Of course, some traders blend these two approaches.
Step4Consider buying specialized FOREX trading software. These can track and analyze data more easily. You can also enroll in many online FOREX courses, but avoid those that make unrealistic promises or charge unreasonable amounts of money.
Step5Try a trade simulator, a system that uses fake money but tracks the real currency markets. This will enable you to practice your trading skills without risking your own capital, and it allows you to evaluate your own abilities at no risk.
Step6Set up a mini-FOREX account. These accounts require only a small amount of capital and allow you to begin trading immediately
Step2The second step describes the powerful features of the FOREX trading system.The leverage & margin are the major features helpful in drawing the attention of the traders because these increase the buying power of the traders. ''The leverage allows the trader to expect high returns on investment (ROI) on even small market movements and it also utilizes less money to trade'' [4].On the other hand, margin in forex allows the investor not to pay any interest to the amount lender on the amount borrowed for the trade. In forex, margin is the minimum amount needed to place the trade. This can be the initial amount with which the forex trading account was opened.The example below helps in explaining the concept in detail:-Supposedly,The balance in the account (trader’s) is = $10000 and the US dollar measured to be as undervalued against the JPY. Now, to place a trade investor has to buy USD by selling JPY and wait till the rate increases. Assuming the current bid/ask price for USD/JPY = 119.30/119.40. This means that the trader can buy $1 US for 119.40 JPY and/or sell it at 119.30 JPY. On leverage 100:1 or 1%, the trader starts buying a lot of 100, 000 USD for 119, 4000 JPY which means that the initial margin deposit for this trade would be = $1000 USD. As expected, the rate now increases by 30 pips making USD/JPY = 119.60/70. The deal is closed by selling the US Dollars at the rate of 119.60 JPY yielding 119, 6000 JPY thus making a total profit of 2000 JPY.=>P&L (in terms of USD) = 2000/ current USD/JPY rate= 2000/ 119.60=>Return on Investment = $16.72
Step3 This step allows user to get familiar with the e-trading using FOREX softwares. The explanatin is provided by using one such software called FX'x GTS.The self-explanatory figure explains a practical knowledge of some terms discussed earliers. The currency pair which has to be bought or sold can can done simply by a click on the sell or buy button in front of that currency. On selection, a quote is prepared and dislplayed in the bottom section for the user to keep a track on. The software also provides some attractive powerful features which allows to add stop/limit and Hedge actions thus making trader constantly aware of his trade.
Step4 This step is furter explanation to the G.T.S software. The trader can select various other currency pairs upon which the trade can be made. The left middle section shows the account details of the account holder i.e. balance, leverage, equity,margins and used margins. The other features which can be seen in the software are session activity, G.T.S charting and latest news that makes the trader aware of latest happenings.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:20 AM 0 comments
How to Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot
Currency Trading With Forex Autopilot "Robot" Regarding currency trading, this review will focus on the Forex Trade autopilot online forex trading system, created by currency trading expert. Currency trading software, Forex Autopilot, is a widely used trading software that makes more money in the currency trading market. It is regarded by many as one of the best foreign exchange trading software on the market today, especially for consumers.
Instructions
Step1Forex autopilot system was created by Mark Copeland, who started trading Forex 8 years ago. He was an analyst at Goldman Sachs, and while it investigated the large complex systems like the big boys are used to make the clearance of million dollars in the forex currency exchange markets.Forex autopilot is the most prominent and well-known platform for automated currency trading transactions online, and today is, actually, the original Forex robot to be released to the public. But when he says this, the trading program is good and everything that can be expected to make money with it? Please read on...
Step2First, no forex or currency trading system software can ensure easy, consistent profit all the time. The currency trading market, as the stock market, consists of too many unpredictable factors. Anyone who promises to be able to read the future as a fortune teller is a liar. The exchange rate is similar to games. But what success forex system robot can do is increase the odds, significantly, in your favor. Then there will be a good probability that users will make significant money in the long term using the software.
Step3The currency trading system uses only the most advanced technology, running on hundreds of computers, hence the term,"robot". The system runs on trade target platform, which is the most famous foreign exchange trading platform in the world.Forex currency trading autopilot was designed especially for someone who has no experience of holding a rent in line to enter the lucrative world of currency trading and international currencies. In the past, he would have to spend much of their time, money and effort in learning how the world works in the forex exchange, or hire an experienced operator to do the work for you, now you can enter this world, with absolutely no experience, and with an investment of as little as $100 start the ball rolling.Forex trade autopilot currency trading software provides automatic robot driven by trading in the foreign exchange market. The creators of these automated trading Forex say that you can make easy profits with little time and without understanding the complex algorithms. In this review, I will show you how to decide whether the system of automatic robot forex trading is legitimate or fraud.Scroll Down To "RESOURCES" (for live link) To Get Started With Forex Autopilot.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:18 AM 0 comments
How to Make Money by Trading Forex
Trading Forex can be scary, exciting, profitable and potentially costly if done incorrectly. Here are some tips and tricks that will help anyone trade Forex like a pro.
Instructions
Step1Select a firm you want to trade with. When you are selecting a Forex trading firm, check the commissions they charge, the spreads they give, the amount of money that is needed to open a account and their requirements for depositing and withdrawing money.
Step2Set up a Demo Trading account. Demo trading is basically paper trading or fake trading. Most firms allow you to set this up with only a email. Install the software platform and your ready to go.
Step3Practice makes perfect. Trade and trade. Experiment, with new things and new ideas. Random guess, big risks, small risks and find out what works and what doesn't. REMEMBER this is fake and its better to make mistakes here than when trading with real money.
Step4Learn to love stop and limits. Stops are predetermined cancellation orders. At the beginning of a trade tell yourself how much are you willing to lose and then set you cancel order. Also, Limits are cancel orders when you take profits. Don't get greedy. Tell yourself ahead of time where you want to take your profits at and stick with it.
Step5Open micro or mini account. Once you've perfected your trading style. open a micro or mini account. Most good firms offer this and you can trade real money for as little as $10. This is key, because making the transition for fake trading to real, can be emotional disturbing for some. Plus, this gives you a chance to see the firm in action for real.
Step6When your ready, progress to a full account. This step can take months for some or days or weeks for others. If at any time you feel your firm isn't performing at acceptable levels, go back to step 1 and start again.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:16 AM 0 comments
How to trade trend lines in the Forex market
Forex market trend line break Using trend lines to trade the Forex and futures market.
Instructions
Step1 Forex chart with a trendline break. When trading the forex market you want to use 5 minute to 30 minute charts if you are daytrading.If you are trading longer term then 60 minute to a 1 day forex chart work best. Up Trend LineAn up trend line has a positive slope and is formed by connecting two of more low points. The second low must be higher than the first for the line to have a positive slope. Up trend lines act as support and indicate that demand is increasing even as the price rises. A rising price combined with increasing demand is very bullish and shows a strong determination on the part of the buyers. As long as prices remain above the trend line, the up trend is considered solid and intact. A break below the up trend line indicates that demand has weakened and a change in trend could occur.Down Trend LineA down trend line has a negative slope and is formed by connecting two or more high points. The second high must be lower than the first for the line to have a negative slope. Down trend lines act as resistance and indicate that supply is increasing even as the price declines. A declining price combined with increasing supply is very bearish and shows the strong resolve of the sellers. As long as prices remain below the down trend line, the downtrend is considered solid and intact. A break above the down trend line indicates that net-supply is decreasing and a change of trend could occur.When you draw an up trend line, you connect the lows of the bars or candlesticks if you are using candlestick charts.Drawing a down trend line, you connect the highs. The first step in constructing a trend line is to choose the time frame: 5 minute,30 minute or longer chart time frames. A long-term time frame can be from 1 day or up to a year, an intermediate period several weeks to several months, and short term will be less than a day to several weeks. The periodicity of the charts, intraday, daily, or weekly will depend on the time frame chosen for trading, in any case, the procedure for drawing the trend line will be the same.Remember you can draw horizontal trend lines to define support and resistance levels.These levels are very important and most forex traders will trade off the support and resistance chart levels.
Step2 Forex chart with a uptrend line Shown in this forex chart you can see a uptrend break. You draw your trend lines depending on the time frame you are using from the low point of the candle stick at around 1.2360 through the high of the day which shows the uptrend. As you can see there is a kiss point where the forex market will likely bounce higher.
Step3 Forex chart EMA break down for short trade This forex chart shows that the EMA and the CCI are breaking down and the CCI is below the 100 line for a possible short trade. The EMA lines are set at 9 and 18 when you set up your forex chart. On the CCI Commodity Channel Index indicator you look for divergences above and below the 100 lines and use the 0 line to look for retraces instead of getting higher lows with price going down which is a divergence. As you can see we use a CCI set at 14 this is the length you should use when you start out with a plus 100 line and minus 100 line which can be set in most charting systems.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:15 AM 0 comments
How to Trade Currency Forex FX
Foreign Currency Market
InstructionsIn the financial world there has been a lot of buzz about Forex or foreign exchange trading. This is a brief overview.
Step1The world currency market, forex, fx or foreign exchange evolved in the early 1970 when world currencies gradually became free floating instead of pegged a government exchange rate against the U.S. dollar or other major currency. There are many reasons for this. As markets became more global corporations needed holdings, payroll and investment money in other currencies. A market developed similar to the stock market or commodities market to accommodate large trades.
Step2 In today's financial world there are many players in foreign exchange of currency. The biggest of course are governments, central banks and large commercial banks, followed by corporations, importers and exporters, speculators and investors. This area has become very volatile and very large as a short term and long term investment vehicle.
Step3Unlike the stock market share of a company, world currencies do not have a net loss of value. If the dollar rises against the Euro the Euro falls and so forth. If a currency goes up it is being valued against another currency that is falling. That means economics, political stability and many other factors play a roll in movement of a currency. War, crop failure on a wide scale, weather and major events all play a part as well as the general attitude about a countries direction and government economic policies.
Step4Trading currencies is very much like trading stock and commodities as far as actual trades go. You need to open a brokerage account with a trading company. Most trading is online for the small investor - speculator. You can leverage your capital for greater profit and greater loss potential. This of course compounds your risk and exposure to loss or profit. You can open an account with as little as $10.00 but need to have more of course to realize any life changing financial gains or losses. Several on line firms have play accounts where you can experiment with virtual dollars beginning with $5,000 or $50,000 to see what would happen and get your feet wet. It is a virtual money account that costs nothing and returns nothing so you can get a feel for trading.
Step5There is a very knowledgeable market out there. If you are serious about forex trading in your financial portfolio it is best to follow a successful mentor. So much information goes into the background of what makes a currency rise or fall. It is not a game of random guessing. Hot currency tips are harder to come by than stock tips. More variables effect money than a single company and its direction. Good Luck
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:13 AM 0 comments
How to trade currency online (Forex)
Currency trade know as forex. If you like to know the stock trading or future trading. You may also like to know currency trading. In some way, they are similar, but more risk. On the other hand, more earning in short time.
Instructions
Step1Search online for "currency trade" or "forex". There are many agents all over the world. You don't need to be US to trade "money". But, there are several US companies provide service over sea. For example, "Forex.com", "FCXM.com" and "e-trade". You will find more than this list.
Step2Sing up for practice account. Most company provide free practice account with real time market. It is good opportunity for people to know this trading and to see are they fitting to this kind of trading.
Step3Also read all the learning information on the web site. You must read through the learning material. Most of them you may know if you familiar with stock trading or some other online trading. But you still need to read. Currency trading is much high risk than other trading.
Step4After you have basic knowledge and try with your practice account. You than make the decision to start trading on real market or just go away.
Posted by ifeanyi83 at 5:11 AM 0 comments
How to Trade FOREX in the Shortest Possible Time
Trading currency in foreign exchange markets, or FOREX, is becoming increasingly popular. There is money to be made; however, many FOREX traders are not consistently profitable. With the advent of mini-FOREX accounts, FOREX trading is now available to anyone with even a small amount of capital.
Instructions
Step1Educate yourself on how the foreign exchange markets work. You will need to understand the basics of relative currency values, which will mean understanding a little economics.
Step2Pick your trading period. Day traders buy large quantities of currency and then wait for small swings in prices to sell for a profit. This approach requires a great deal of time and micromanagement. Swing traders, on the other hand, take a long-term approach and do not need to be constantly attentive to small changes in the market.
Step3Decide if you're going to use a technical or fundamental trading approach. Technical traders, which represent the majority of FOREX traders, make their decisions based on charts, and they buy and sell currencies when they reach certain predetermined levels. Other traders trade on the basis of market fundamentals like news reports, macroeconomic trends and commodity prices. The latter strategy requires a great deal more expertise. Of course, some traders blend these two approaches.
Step4Consider buying specialized FOREX trading software. These can track and analyze data more easily. You can also enroll in many online FOREX courses, but avoid those that make unrealistic promises or charge unreasonable amounts of money.
Step5Try a trade simulator, a system that uses fake money but tracks the real currency markets. This will enable you to practice your trading skills without risking your own capital, and it allows you to evaluate your own abilities at no risk.
Step6Set up a mini-FOREX account. These accounts require only a small amount of capital and allow you to begin trading immediately
forex
An article explains a basic understanding of FOREX trading and how to do it using a computer software.
Instructions
Step1The step 1 explains the notion behind the FOREX trading by defining certian concepts and terms.The foreign exchange trading is always done in terms of quotes and understanding these quotes might not be very easy in the first place. In order to get a hold on the foreign exchange quotes, a person needs to remember two things [4] i.e.a) ''The currency listed first in the quote is the base currency andb) The base currency has always the value 1.''For instance, GBP/JPY has the base currency as GBP. The quotes are generally expressed in terms of pair currencies e.g. if quote states that GBP/JPY is equal to value 221.91 that means 1 GBP values to 221.91 Japanese yen. So, if this value increases then GBP has appreciated in value in comparison to Japanese yen. The prices in these quotes are expressed in terms of pips which stand for “percentage in points”. These are basically the fourth decimal point i.e. 1/100th of 1%. The example of a quote which involves 10pips increase could be USD/CAD = 1.1355/1.1365 (note the last two digits). In this case, an increase in pips means weakening of Canadian dollar. As per [2], ''the smallest move that a currency pair can make is one basis point or 0.00001.''The quotes also use two important terms known as bid and ask which makes it as a two-sided quote. ''The bid is the price at which the base currency can be sold simultaneously buying the counter currency. The ask is the price at which the base currency can be bought at the same time selling the counter currency'' [2].
Step2The second step describes the powerful features of the FOREX trading system.The leverage & margin are the major features helpful in drawing the attention of the traders because these increase the buying power of the traders. ''The leverage allows the trader to expect high returns on investment (ROI) on even small market movements and it also utilizes less money to trade'' [4].On the other hand, margin in forex allows the investor not to pay any interest to the amount lender on the amount borrowed for the trade. In forex, margin is the minimum amount needed to place the trade. This can be the initial amount with which the forex trading account was opened.The example below helps in explaining the concept in detail:-Supposedly,The balance in the account (trader’s) is = $10000 and the US dollar measured to be as undervalued against the JPY. Now, to place a trade investor has to buy USD by selling JPY and wait till the rate increases. Assuming the current bid/ask price for USD/JPY = 119.30/119.40. This means that the trader can buy $1 US for 119.40 JPY and/or sell it at 119.30 JPY. On leverage 100:1 or 1%, the trader starts buying a lot of 100, 000 USD for 119, 4000 JPY which means that the initial margin deposit for this trade would be = $1000 USD. As expected, the rate now increases by 30 pips making USD/JPY = 119.60/70. The deal is closed by selling the US Dollars at the rate of 119.60 JPY yielding 119, 6000 JPY thus making a total
Instructions
Step1The step 1 explains the notion behind the FOREX trading by defining certian concepts and terms.The foreign exchange trading is always done in terms of quotes and understanding these quotes might not be very easy in the first place. In order to get a hold on the foreign exchange quotes, a person needs to remember two things [4] i.e.a) ''The currency listed first in the quote is the base currency andb) The base currency has always the value 1.''For instance, GBP/JPY has the base currency as GBP. The quotes are generally expressed in terms of pair currencies e.g. if quote states that GBP/JPY is equal to value 221.91 that means 1 GBP values to 221.91 Japanese yen. So, if this value increases then GBP has appreciated in value in comparison to Japanese yen. The prices in these quotes are expressed in terms of pips which stand for “percentage in points”. These are basically the fourth decimal point i.e. 1/100th of 1%. The example of a quote which involves 10pips increase could be USD/CAD = 1.1355/1.1365 (note the last two digits). In this case, an increase in pips means weakening of Canadian dollar. As per [2], ''the smallest move that a currency pair can make is one basis point or 0.00001.''The quotes also use two important terms known as bid and ask which makes it as a two-sided quote. ''The bid is the price at which the base currency can be sold simultaneously buying the counter currency. The ask is the price at which the base currency can be bought at the same time selling the counter currency'' [2].
Step2The second step describes the powerful features of the FOREX trading system.The leverage & margin are the major features helpful in drawing the attention of the traders because these increase the buying power of the traders. ''The leverage allows the trader to expect high returns on investment (ROI) on even small market movements and it also utilizes less money to trade'' [4].On the other hand, margin in forex allows the investor not to pay any interest to the amount lender on the amount borrowed for the trade. In forex, margin is the minimum amount needed to place the trade. This can be the initial amount with which the forex trading account was opened.The example below helps in explaining the concept in detail:-Supposedly,The balance in the account (trader’s) is = $10000 and the US dollar measured to be as undervalued against the JPY. Now, to place a trade investor has to buy USD by selling JPY and wait till the rate increases. Assuming the current bid/ask price for USD/JPY = 119.30/119.40. This means that the trader can buy $1 US for 119.40 JPY and/or sell it at 119.30 JPY. On leverage 100:1 or 1%, the trader starts buying a lot of 100, 000 USD for 119, 4000 JPY which means that the initial margin deposit for this trade would be = $1000 USD. As expected, the rate now increases by 30 pips making USD/JPY = 119.60/70. The deal is closed by selling the US Dollars at the rate of 119.60 JPY yielding 119, 6000 JPY thus making a total
forex
At some point in time, every person remotely interested in making money by investing has heard of currency exchange markets or the Forex market. Lots of newcomers to the industry have wondered about the mechanics involved in currency trading or more specifically, just how the Forex market functions. If you have any aspirations of being successful in the Forex market or trading in currencies, then it’s a given that you need to know what Forex is and how toInstructionsStep1Try and learn as much as you can from the experts. This is where you can benefit from the Forex tutorials that are offered online, as well as listening to the experts that developed them. Not only will you learn how the Forex market operates, but you’ll gain the knowledge that you need in order to execute a Forex trade successfully and profitably. You’ll also learn about market indicators and what they mean, economic indicators that you have to be aware of, and all the options and strategies that will benefit you as a trader in the Forex market.Step2Learn your way around the industry before you ever open up your wallet and part with any of your hard-earned cash. Most of the better online Forex trading websites offer you a variety of tutorials so that you can get up to speed fairly quickly. The nice thing about these is that it isn’t like being in school where you study then take an exam, study then take another exam, study . . . . . you know. With the online tutorials you always work at your own pace and never jump into the trading market until you are completely ready.Step3Educate yourself well enough to start trading successfully. The more you learn, the more you will understand the market and how it operates. The more you understand about the market and its system of operating, the sooner you will make a successful trade --- and hopefully it’s only the first of many.Step4Find a Forex trading tutorial. A simple Google search or using info.com will result in tons of options for this. There are some that will try to convince you that the ones you pay for are better than the free ones. DON’T BELIEVE IT! The free ones are just as good, you just need to set up a trading account for some of the better ones, but that was your goal anyway. You just needed to educate yourself a little first
forex
How to Trade in the Forex Market
At some point in time, every person remotely interested in making money by investing has heard of currency exchange markets or the Forex market. Lots of newcomers to the industry have wondered about the mechanics involved in currency trading or more specifically, just how the Forex market functions. If you have any aspirations of being successful in the Forex market or trading in currencies, then it’s a given that you need to know what Forex is and how toInstructionsStep1Try and learn as much as you can from the experts. This is where you can benefit from the Forex tutorials that are offered online, as well as listening to the experts that developed them. Not only will you learn how the Forex market operates, but you’ll gain the knowledge that you need in order to execute a Forex trade successfully and profitably. You’ll also learn about market indicators and what they mean, economic indicators that you have to be aware of, and all the options and strategies that will benefit you as a trader in the Forex market.Step2Learn your way around the industry before you ever open up your wallet and part with any of your hard-earned cash. Most of the better online Forex trading websites offer you a variety of tutorials so that you can get up to speed fairly quickly. The nice thing about these is that it isn’t like being in school where you study then take an exam, study then take another exam, study . . . . . you know. With the online tutorials you always work at your own pace and never jump into the trading market until you are completely ready.Step3Educate yourself well enough to start trading successfully. The more you learn, the more you will understand the market and how it operates. The more you understand about the market and its system of operating, the sooner you will make a successful trade --- and hopefully it’s only the first of many.Step4Find a Forex trading tutorial. A simple Google search or using info.com will result in tons of options for this. There are some that will try to convince you that the ones you pay for are better than the free ones. DON’T BELIEVE IT! The free ones are just as good, you just need to set up a trading account for some of the better ones, but that was your goal anyway. You just needed to educate yourself a little first.
Posted by esther132 at
Wednesday, June 24, 2009
karnalyriver
One of the finest big volume rafting and kayaking trips in Nepal-spectacular, remote, jungle-clad canyons, Big white and abundant wildlife. The Karnali is Nepal's longest and largest river and with its tributaries it drains most of the far west of Nepal-the 'wild west' as many people call it, rising in the vicinity of Tibet's holy Mount Kailash and glacier of Kanziroba Himal, other small peaks, as well as Rara lake rapid encountered on this river is 1 to 5 class. This bottom section of the river definitely lives up to that name-the area that it flows through is wild and relatively unpopulated with some of the most pristine jungle scenery in Nepal abundant wildlife. From the frontier town of Surkhet there is an unique and lovely two-day trek through lowland Sal forest to the village of Saul in the seldom seen area of far West Nepal. From Sauli it's 180 km to the nest road access at Chisopani, on the northern border of the Royal Bardia National Park. The river section takes about seven days, giving plenty of time to explore some of the side canyons and waterfalls, which comes in to the river valley. For 180 kilometers we won't see a single sign of the modern world. It's one of the last places in Nepal that you can see old growth forest and have a real chance of seeing Nepal's wildlife. The rapids are also pretty wild, with the river building to its climax in these lower canyons shortly after the sharp bend in the river 'the elbow' by the Lohore Khola, the valley narrows into a series of canyons, the river speeds up, and there are big rapids, one leading into another, almost continuously down to the Seti river from the 'Elbow' down to the Seti the gradient is 3m/km (15ft a mile), but after here, the gradient eases, as the river winds through some magnificent un-spoilt scenery, eventually emerging onto the plains and flowing through the Royal Bardia National Park to join the Ganges. Finally leaving you close to Bardia National Park, where you can combine your rafting adventure with a safari trip and maybe spot some of the park's one-horned rhinos and elusive tigers or you can either drive back or fly back to Kathmandu. Go on this trip if you want a true expedition style adventure and a totally classic river journey.
River Grade:
Class V-
Starting point:
Kalyani Ghat (Sauli)
Ending Point:
Chisapani (Bardia National Park)
River Distance:
180 km
River Days:
09 Days from Kathmandu
Best Season:
Oct - Dec or March - May
Price:
USD $ 450.00 Per person (Depend on pax)
Departure
Spring Season, Summer Season, Autumn Season
Detailed Itinerary Day 01: Night bus to Birendanagar (Surkhet). Day 02: Minibus to Kalyani (Rough Road) about 4 hours and trek to Karaleghat about 2 hours and camp. Day 03: Rafting 4 to 6 hours white water section camp by river beach. Day 04: Raft about 5 hours of class 4/5 grade rapids through Junglaghat and camp. Day 05: Full of continuos whitewater rafting and camp. Day 06: Canyon Exploration fully, whitewater rafting and camp. Day 07: Flowdown the jungle area and camp by jungle. Day 08: Wildlife views while rafting and finish at Chisapani. Drive back to Kathmandu after lunch or visit Royal Bardia National Park. Day 09: Arrive Kathmandu.
Cost Included
Ground Transportation (From and After)
Meals, Western and continental food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) during your rafting trip
River Permit
Necessary equipment as high quality self-bailing rafts, lifejackets, helmets, plastic paddles, wetsuits (only during the winter) on certain rivers, dry bag for gear, camera barrels and all safety and medical equipment
Safety Kayak
Necessary Staffs (Guide, Helpers, Cook etc)
Tented accommodation in beautiful river beach with camp fire
Food, accommodation, insurance for all staff and their transportation
Expedition elements include professional guides and leadership
First aid kid box
Company T-Shirt
Cost not Included
Mineral water, cold drinks and alcoholic beverages during the whole trip
Hotel accommodations & meals at if you stay anywhere at the hotel during whole trip
Emergency evacuation
International airport pick up drop (if you order we can arrange)
Things of personal use
Member insurance
Airfare (Kathmandu-Nepaljung-Kathmandu
Tips to Staffs
Sleeping bag (NRS.50 per night)
Please bring: -
T-shir
swim wear for on the river
Warm clothing for the evenings including a fleece or a pullover
Sunscreen and lip protector
Sunglasses (with retaining device) and/or a cap
Towel and Toiletries (environmentally friendly is best)
Personal medication
Flashlight
Footwear
Reading book
Fishing hook (you can fishing in the Himalayan River)
River Grade:
Class V-
Starting point:
Kalyani Ghat (Sauli)
Ending Point:
Chisapani (Bardia National Park)
River Distance:
180 km
River Days:
09 Days from Kathmandu
Best Season:
Oct - Dec or March - May
Price:
USD $ 450.00 Per person (Depend on pax)
Departure
Spring Season, Summer Season, Autumn Season
Detailed Itinerary Day 01: Night bus to Birendanagar (Surkhet). Day 02: Minibus to Kalyani (Rough Road) about 4 hours and trek to Karaleghat about 2 hours and camp. Day 03: Rafting 4 to 6 hours white water section camp by river beach. Day 04: Raft about 5 hours of class 4/5 grade rapids through Junglaghat and camp. Day 05: Full of continuos whitewater rafting and camp. Day 06: Canyon Exploration fully, whitewater rafting and camp. Day 07: Flowdown the jungle area and camp by jungle. Day 08: Wildlife views while rafting and finish at Chisapani. Drive back to Kathmandu after lunch or visit Royal Bardia National Park. Day 09: Arrive Kathmandu.
Cost Included
Ground Transportation (From and After)
Meals, Western and continental food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) during your rafting trip
River Permit
Necessary equipment as high quality self-bailing rafts, lifejackets, helmets, plastic paddles, wetsuits (only during the winter) on certain rivers, dry bag for gear, camera barrels and all safety and medical equipment
Safety Kayak
Necessary Staffs (Guide, Helpers, Cook etc)
Tented accommodation in beautiful river beach with camp fire
Food, accommodation, insurance for all staff and their transportation
Expedition elements include professional guides and leadership
First aid kid box
Company T-Shirt
Cost not Included
Mineral water, cold drinks and alcoholic beverages during the whole trip
Hotel accommodations & meals at if you stay anywhere at the hotel during whole trip
Emergency evacuation
International airport pick up drop (if you order we can arrange)
Things of personal use
Member insurance
Airfare (Kathmandu-Nepaljung-Kathmandu
Tips to Staffs
Sleeping bag (NRS.50 per night)
Please bring: -
T-shir
swim wear for on the river
Warm clothing for the evenings including a fleece or a pullover
Sunscreen and lip protector
Sunglasses (with retaining device) and/or a cap
Towel and Toiletries (environmentally friendly is best)
Personal medication
Flashlight
Footwear
Reading book
Fishing hook (you can fishing in the Himalayan River)
lumbani
Lumbini is situated 300 kilometers from Kathmandu and 190 kilometers south of Pokhara. This is a holy place because it is the birthplace of Lord Buddha. This is also known as the pilgrimage destination of the world's millions of Buddhists as well as other researchers and visitors. This is one of the World Heritage site listed by UNESCO.
Hotel in Lumbini
Lumbini GardenLumbini Hokke HotelHotel NirvanaHotel Lumbini BuddhaBuddha maya Garden
Lumbini photo gallery
Hotel in Lumbini
Lumbini GardenLumbini Hokke HotelHotel NirvanaHotel Lumbini BuddhaBuddha maya Garden
Lumbini photo gallery
Trekking from Jumla to Rara Lake in the mid western region of Nepal is known as Rara Lake trekking in Nepal. Trekking in Rara Lake provides excellent exploration opportunities to Napal’s finest Rara National park and famous Rara Lake situated at an altitude of 2,990 meter. Considered to be off the beaten path Rara lake treks Nepal is a non technical journey and is suitable for average trekkers. Rara trekking area is an adequate habitat for rare and endangered wildlife. Popular for unique communial hospitality, Rara trekking Nepal offers Rara Nepal treks and Rara treks Nepal itineraries. Camping arrangements are appropriate for Rara lake trek programme.
Spectacular Views
Fact of the Trekking
Destination
Rara Lake
Trek Days
12 days
Total Days
16 days
Max. Elevation
3500 m. approx. / Elevation profile
Trek Grade
Moderate
Trek Distance
160 km approx.
Accommodation
Lodge / Camping
Type of Trek
Deluxe / Standard / Economy
Itinerary Type
Fixed or Customized (Group, single, or Senior packages available)
Geography
Alpine mountains & valley / Alpine villages, Glaciers & cold places
Best Season
February – mid June / September – early December
Departure Date
Anytime through out the year except December through February
Special Interest
, Environmental education, bird watching, nature walk, photography, religious.
Possible views of Mountains : Gurchi Mara pass (3710 meter)
Itinerary in Details
Day 01 : Arrive in Kathmandu, transfer to hotel & welcome dinner in the evening.
Day 02 : Sightseeing in Kathmandu city & prepares your trekking
Day 03 : Kathmandu - Nepaljung by flight.
Day 04 : Fly to Jumla (2370m)
Day 05 : Jumla - Chere (3100m) 5 hours
Day 06 : Chere - Nyawre. (3000m) – 5 hours
Day 07 : Nyawre. Chautha. (2770m)
Day 08 : Chautha – Dhotu (2380m.)
Day 09 : Dhotu - Rara Lake (2980m.)
Day 10 : Rara Lake - Gorusingha.
Day 11 : Gorusingha- Sinja.
Day 12 : Sinja - Jaljala Chour.
Day 13 : Jaljala Chour - Jumla.
Day 14 : Jumla - Nepaljung by flight then fly back to Kathmandu
Day 15 : Sightseeing in ancient city of Bhaktapur.
Note : We guarantee you our best price and professional services; we take full responsibility for all the groups we handle; And, we guarantee timely feedback whenever we receiv
Rara National Park, Nepal’s smallest and most scenic national park that spreads over an area of 106 sq km is situated about 370 km north- west of Kathmandu and lies in Mugu a mountainous district of the western region of Nepal. The National Park ascends from 1800m to 4480m forested by conifers. The pivotal of Rara National Park is the pristine Rara Lake, which stands high at the self of 2990m and spreads over 10.8 sq km. The clear, high altitude lake of Rara, which mirrors the snow capped Himalayas is ringed with pine, spruce and juniper forest. The undisturbed largest lake also renowned as Mahendra Tal is of oval shape. This tortoise blue lake is surrounded by richly forested hills. Chuchemara Dauda at the elevation of 4087m is the best vantage point to get the magnificient views of the deep blue clear lake and highly forested hillside as well as the snow-capped peaks around it.
More than 500 different kinds of flowers and herbs including Rhododendron, the national flower, Black Juniper, Oak, West Himalayan Spruce and Himalayan Cypress are found in this Park. It is the home of 20 different species of mammals and 214 species of birds. During winter birders can enjoy with many migratory birds. In summer Himalayan flowers surround the lake creating a colorful landscape. Aware of the beauty of the pristine Rara Lake and keeping in account the importance of the National Park, regular flights are operated to Mugu District to the only existing Talcha Airport from where it is few hours walk to the National Park. Those interested for trekking, it is two days trek from Jumla to this interesting National Park.
We want our valuable clients not to miss the opportunity of being at this Paradise and captivating the scenic glimpses of the place, request you all to get lost for few days in the aroma of this natural heaven. If you are looking for wilderness and solitude, do experience this tour to Rara lake.
Day 1. KathmanduArrive at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu. Welcome & assistance on arrival at the Airport. Transfer from airport to the Hotel. Check in at the Hotel. P M: Visit 2000 years old Buddhist shrine Swyambhunath, situated on the top of the hill west of the city the most popular and instantly recognizable symbols of Nepal. The temple is colloquially known as the “Monkey Temple”. There are many small buildings and shrines down the hillside behind Swayambhunath. Explore the colorful Kathmandu Durbar Square- The Old Royal Palace of Kathmandu, Temple of living goddess Kumari, the Jagannath temple, 17th century temple known for colorfully painted erotic carvings, Kasthmandap temple a three story temple built from a single tree in 12th century. Overnight stay at the hotel.
Day 2. Kathmandu-NepalgunjBreakfast at Hotel. After breakfast visit Pashupatinath temple one of the most sacred Hindu shrine in the World. The holy river Bagmati and the burning ghats and also visit one of the oldest and biggest stupa of Boudhanath, After lunch drive to Airport to connect flight to the Nepalgunj Airport. Arrive at the most important town in western Nepal, Nepalgunj. Nepalgunj is a densely crowded city and represents every possible ethnic groups in Nepal. There are Hindu temple and mosques, an interesting places to visit. Explore the Nepalgunj city. Overnight stay at the Hotel.
Day 3 Nepalgunj – Talcha AirportAfter breakfast at the Hotel at Nepalgunj. Drive to Nepalgunj Airport to connect flight to Talcha Airport. Arrive at Talcha Airport. We then start with our hike to Rara National Park. Rara National Park, Nepal’s smallest and most scenic national park that spreads over an area of 106 sq km is situated about 370 km north- west of Kathmandu and lies in Mugu a mountainous district of the western region of Nepal. The National Park ascends from 1800m to 4480m forested by conifers. Overnight stay at the camp.
Day 4 Explore RaraAfter breakfast Boating in Rara Lake for 1 hour. The pivotal of Rara National Park is the pristine Rara Lake, which stands high at the self of 2990m and spreads over 10.8 sq km. The undisturbed largest lake is also renowned as Mahendra Tal is of oval shape. This tortoise blue lake is surrounded by richly forested hills. Chuchemara Dauda at the elevation of 4087m is the best vantage point to get the magnificient views of the deep blue clear lake and highly forested hillside as well as the snow-capped peaks around it. Hike to this Dauda, catch the glimpse of the magnificent views. Dinner and Overnight at Camp.
Day 5. Rara/Nepalgunj/KathmanduAfter breakfast, hike to Rara Airport. Fly to Nepalgunj and then make a connecting flight to Kathmandu. Arrive Kathmandu. Hotel Check I
PM: Patan is often referred to as Lalitpur, which means “city of beauty”. Patan has a long Buddhist History and the four corners of the city are marked by Stupas erected by the great Buddhist emperor Ashoka around 250 BCE.
Visit Patan City second largest city of valley including Royal Palace, Bhimsen temple, Manga Hiti, King Yogaendra Malla’s Statue, Krishna temple, Taleju temple, 15th century Golden Temple and Mahaboudha Temple known as temple of 10,000 Buddha, Kumbeshwar Temple. Bishwakarma Temple, Uma Maheshwar Temple
More than 500 different kinds of flowers and herbs including Rhododendron, the national flower, Black Juniper, Oak, West Himalayan Spruce and Himalayan Cypress are found in this Park. It is the home of 20 different species of mammals and 214 species of birds. During winter birders can enjoy with many migratory birds. In summer Himalayan flowers surround the lake creating a colorful landscape. Aware of the beauty of the pristine Rara Lake and keeping in account the importance of the National Park, regular flights are operated to Mugu District to the only existing Talcha Airport from where it is few hours walk to the National Park. Those interested for trekking, it is two days trek from Jumla to this interesting National Park.
We want our valuable clients not to miss the opportunity of being at this Paradise and captivating the scenic glimpses of the place, request you all to get lost for few days in the aroma of this natural heaven. If you are looking for wilderness and solitude, do experience this tour to Rara lake.
Day 1. KathmanduArrive at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu. Welcome & assistance on arrival at the Airport. Transfer from airport to the Hotel. Check in at the Hotel. P M: Visit 2000 years old Buddhist shrine Swyambhunath, situated on the top of the hill west of the city the most popular and instantly recognizable symbols of Nepal. The temple is colloquially known as the “Monkey Temple”. There are many small buildings and shrines down the hillside behind Swayambhunath. Explore the colorful Kathmandu Durbar Square- The Old Royal Palace of Kathmandu, Temple of living goddess Kumari, the Jagannath temple, 17th century temple known for colorfully painted erotic carvings, Kasthmandap temple a three story temple built from a single tree in 12th century. Overnight stay at the hotel.
Day 2. Kathmandu-NepalgunjBreakfast at Hotel. After breakfast visit Pashupatinath temple one of the most sacred Hindu shrine in the World. The holy river Bagmati and the burning ghats and also visit one of the oldest and biggest stupa of Boudhanath, After lunch drive to Airport to connect flight to the Nepalgunj Airport. Arrive at the most important town in western Nepal, Nepalgunj. Nepalgunj is a densely crowded city and represents every possible ethnic groups in Nepal. There are Hindu temple and mosques, an interesting places to visit. Explore the Nepalgunj city. Overnight stay at the Hotel.
Day 3 Nepalgunj – Talcha AirportAfter breakfast at the Hotel at Nepalgunj. Drive to Nepalgunj Airport to connect flight to Talcha Airport. Arrive at Talcha Airport. We then start with our hike to Rara National Park. Rara National Park, Nepal’s smallest and most scenic national park that spreads over an area of 106 sq km is situated about 370 km north- west of Kathmandu and lies in Mugu a mountainous district of the western region of Nepal. The National Park ascends from 1800m to 4480m forested by conifers. Overnight stay at the camp.
Day 4 Explore RaraAfter breakfast Boating in Rara Lake for 1 hour. The pivotal of Rara National Park is the pristine Rara Lake, which stands high at the self of 2990m and spreads over 10.8 sq km. The undisturbed largest lake is also renowned as Mahendra Tal is of oval shape. This tortoise blue lake is surrounded by richly forested hills. Chuchemara Dauda at the elevation of 4087m is the best vantage point to get the magnificient views of the deep blue clear lake and highly forested hillside as well as the snow-capped peaks around it. Hike to this Dauda, catch the glimpse of the magnificent views. Dinner and Overnight at Camp.
Day 5. Rara/Nepalgunj/KathmanduAfter breakfast, hike to Rara Airport. Fly to Nepalgunj and then make a connecting flight to Kathmandu. Arrive Kathmandu. Hotel Check I
PM: Patan is often referred to as Lalitpur, which means “city of beauty”. Patan has a long Buddhist History and the four corners of the city are marked by Stupas erected by the great Buddhist emperor Ashoka around 250 BCE.
Visit Patan City second largest city of valley including Royal Palace, Bhimsen temple, Manga Hiti, King Yogaendra Malla’s Statue, Krishna temple, Taleju temple, 15th century Golden Temple and Mahaboudha Temple known as temple of 10,000 Buddha, Kumbeshwar Temple. Bishwakarma Temple, Uma Maheshwar Temple
Pokhara is heaven!Pokharais a city in central Nepal located at 28.24 N, 83.99 E,, 198 km west of Kathmandu. It is the capital of Kaski District, Gandaki Zone and the Western Development Region. It is also one of the most popular tourist destinations in Nepal. Geography Phewa Lake Pokhara is situated in the northwestern corner of the Pokhara Valley, which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley The Seti River and its tributaries have dug impressive canyons into the valley floor, which are only visible from higher viewpoints or from the air. To the east of Pokhara is the municipality of Lekhnath, another town in the valley. In no other place the mountains rise so quickly, within 30 km, from 1000 m to over 8000 m. The Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu ranges, each with peaks over 8000 m, can be seen from Pokhara and there is a lake named Phewa Lake, two caves (Mahendra and Gupteswar) and an impressive falls(Patale Chhango or Devi /David's Falls) where the water from the Phewa Lake thunders into a hole and disappears. Due to this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates of the country (over 4000 mm/year). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in the amount of rain between the south of the city by the lake and the north at the foot of the mountains. The climate is sub-tropical but due to the elevation the temperatures are moderate: the summers usually have a bearable 30 - 35°C; the winters average around 15°C and have no frost. In the south the city borders on Phewa Tal (a lake, 4.4 km², about 800 m above sea level), in the north at around 1000 m it touches the base of the Annapurna mountain range. From the southern fringes of the city one has an exceptional view of the Himalaya with 3 eight-thousanders (Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu) and, in the middle of the Annapurna range the wonderful Machapuchare ('Fishtail') with close to 7000 m. This beautiful mountain dominates the northern horizon of the city and its name derives from its twin peaks, not visible from the south. Demographics Its 190,000 inhabitants (2005) make Pokhara the third largest city in Nepal. Ethnic groups native to the region include Newar, Magar and Gurung. Smaller groups of Chettri and Thakali also live in the area. Natives in Pokhara are adherents of Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism. There are many Tibetan refugees already living in their third generation in Pokhara. The initial tent encampments of the 1950s have long made way to orderly planned quarters with schools and monasteries. In Pokhara there are three such quarters: Tashiling in the south, Tashipalkhel in the north and Paljorling in the centre. History Prior to the Chinese invasion of Tibet, Pokhara was an important trading post on the route between Tibet and India. Until the end of the 1960s the little town could only be reached by foot and it was even more a mystical place than Kathmandu. The first road was finished in 1968 after which tourism boomed and the city grew rapidly. A tourist area developed along the lake and the area between the old city and the lake filled up. Men are recruited at the British Gurkha camp in Pokhara. About 370 are selected annually in December out of a pool of over 20,000 applications, with about 140 eventually joining the Gurkha Contingent while the rest will go to the British Army. Structure Pokhara spans 8 km from north to south and 6 km from east to west but, unlike Kathmandu, it is quite loosely built up and still has much green space. The Seti Gandaki flowing through the city from north to south divides the city roughly in two halves with the down-town area of Chipledunga in the middle, the old town centre of Bagar in the north and the tourist district of Lakeside (Baidam) in the south all lying on the western side of the river. The gorge through which the river flows is crossed at five points, the major ones are (from north to south): K.I.Singh Pul, Mahendra Pul and Prithvi Highway Pul. The eastern side of town is mainly residential. About half of all tourists visiting Pokhara are there for the start or end of a trek to the Annapurna Base Camp and Mustang. For Nepalis, Pokhara has become the most favourite place to live in the country. Phewa Tal was slightly enlarged by damming. It is in danger of silting up because of the inflow during the monsoon. The outflowing water is partially used for hydro power. The dam collapsed in the late 1970s and it was rebuilt by the Chinese. The power plant is located about 100 m below at the bottom of the Phusre Khola gorge. Water is also diverted for irrigation into the southern Pokhara valley. The eastern Pokhara Valley receives irrigation water through a canal running from a reservoir by the Seti in the north of the city. Phewa Tal is also used for commercial fishing. The tourist area is along the north shore of the lake (Lake Side and Dam Side). It is mainly made up of little shops, little hotels, restaurants and bars. The larger hotels can be found on the southern and south-eastern fringes of the city, from where the view of the mountains is best. To the east of the Pokhara Valley there are a few more smaller and bigger lakes, the largest being Begnas Tal and Rupakot Tal. Begnas Tal is also known for its fishery projects. There are no beaches, but boats can be rented in Phewa and Begnas Tal. Tourism Pokhara is one of the tourist hub of Nepal. It is a combinatin of nature and culture. Lakeside, is one of the happening places of Pokhara, where tourists can find everything. Pokhara is quite a modern city with only few touristic attractions in the town itself. Most interesting is the old centre in the north of the city (purano bazar) where still many old shops and warehouses in the Newari style can be found. Mule caravans still arrive there from Mustang. On a hill overlooking Phewa Tal from the south is the World Peace Stupa (at 1,113 m) QTVR built in 1996 with a nice view of the lake, across the city and of the snow peaked mountain range consisting of namely, Fishtail, Annapurna and Dhaulagiri Himals (mountains). Barahi Mandir in Phewa Tal Temples worth visiting in the older part of town are Bindhyabasini Mandir and Bhimsen Mandir, the latter with erotic carvings; another temple, Barahi Mandir, is located on a tiny island on Phewa Tal. Not accessible and only visible from the lake is the royal summer residence (called Ratna Mandir) at the lake in Lakeside. The best viewpoint of all is Sarangkot (1600 m) to the west of the city. Paths and a road lead to the top from where one can enjoy a spectacular view of the Annapurna range as well as Manaslu, Dhaulagiri and, of course, the city. There are a few little hotels and an overnight stay is recommended. The modern city centre at Chiple Dhunga and Mahendrapul (now called Bhimsen Chowk, named after a Shahid(Martyr) in Jana-aandolan II, April, 2006) is halfway between the lake and Purano Bazar, the old centre. These two joining streets offer all the kinds of shops and services one expects of a town centre. Apart from this busy centre there are several subcentres in other parts of town: in the north in Bagar, in the south between Prithvi Chowk and Srijana Chowk (mainly hardware stores), and in the east, on the other side of the Seti, in Ram Bazar. The shortage of touristic sites in the city of Pokhara is made up by its fantastic scenic views in and around town. Most of them are not mentioned in any guide or map. The Seti Gandaki (White Gandaki) and its tributaries have created spectacular gorges in and around the whole city. The Seti gorge runs through the whole city from north to south. At places it is only a few metres wide, but 100 m deep with a water depth of 20 m. Bindhyabasini Temple in the evening In the middle of the city, the gorge widens to a canyon looking like a crater. In the north and south, just outside town, there are awesome canyons, in some places 100 m deep. These canyons extend through the whole Pokhara Valley. Impressive views are possible from the Prithvi Narayan Campus and from the other side at the foot of Kahu Danda (conjunction of several rivers and canyons). Behind the INF-Compound one can see the Seti River disappear into a slit in an almost 100 m wall, especially impressive in monsoon. Another place worth visiting is the Patale Chhango (Hell's Falls), more commonly called "Devi's or David's Falls" for the tourist with some melodramatic story behind it. The water from this falls comes from the lake flowing to the Seti. The water plunges into a hole and disappears! In monsoon this sight is most spectacular. Nearby, across the street is a little cave (Gupteshwor Cave). A more exciting cave is at the opposite end of the city in Batulechaur (Mahendra Cave). Betulechaur is known for the musicians caste of the Gaine. Pokhara Airport is situated in the middle of town which serves flights to Kathmandu, Jomsom, Bhairahawa and *Bharatpur. Helicopters to Manang and Jomsom are available for charter.. As Pokhara is one of the most beautiful place in the world and is very much potential developing as one of the most cherished tourist destination in the world. Hence Pokhara is observing 2007 as a "Visit Pokhara Year" for promoting all around the world. More information about "Visit Pokhara Year 2007" can obtained from http://www.visitpokhara.com Places to Visit Pokhara is known as a major tourist attraction in whole Nepal. Some important places of visit are: 1) Lakeside and Tal Baharai 2) Devi's Falls and Gupteshwor Cave 3) World Peace Pagoda 4) Sarangkot 5) Old market place below the Bindabasini Temple 6) Seti river 7) Mahendra Cave, Chamero Cave and the Kali river • Some information about Pokhara • Photos from Pokhara Fewa Lake, Tal Baharai, Devi's Falls, World Peace Pagoda and mountain views from Pokhara. www.pokharacity.com (A complete site for Pokhara) Attractions of Pokhara Pokhara has few festivals unique to her only. Festivals like Gaijatra, Bhairab naach add their own colors to the beauty of Pokhara. Gaijatra: On this day, there is a traditional dance procession and competition called "Taya Macha" which is unique to Pokhara only. Male dancers dress up as fairies and dance on a particular music. This is organized annually the day after Janai purnima. The celebration of Gaijatra in Pokhara is similar to that of Bhaktapur, whilst Gaijatra of Kathmandu remains immensely different. Bhairab Naach: This particular dance is organized once every six months and lasts about three months. "Twelve bhairabs" or carnations of 12 gods are made in this dance. People dress up as god and dance whole night in different songs. This dance is shown in evenings and continues till early morning the next day. Tedious preparations take place before this dance is made public. A special puja is done before this dance is made public and also on the day of closing this dance. "Visit Pokhara 2007" http://www.visitpokhara.com Visit Pokhara 2007, is a new tourism festival of Nepal. Nepal dedicates certain years for a tourism festival. It's like a devotion. The last such tourism festival was the Visit Nepal 1998. Unlike all the festivals of Nepal, including those celebrated annually like Dashain and Tihar, Visit Pokhara 2007, will be much bigger. For one thing, Nepal has gone through a decade long war which has Traumatized the tourism industry. The year 2007 is seen as the year of peace, and a year of tourism - Nepal's #1 industry What is Visit Pokhara 2007 Sometimes, it takes a few bullet points to know the facts! It is a series of festivals that will be held through-out the year. It will encourage visitors to visit Nepal. Discounts on services such as accommodation, tours and travel will be made so people obtain the benefits to visit Nepal this year The visit pokhara 2007 is a promotion carried out jointly by various organizations such as Nepal Tourism Board, Nepal Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Pokhara Tourism Council and Various District Development Boards It is a promotion of Nepal as a whole not just Pokhara only Pokhara is more of a tourist city than any other city of Nepal, so hence this new century's Nepal's tourism festival is rightly dedicated to Pokhara! It is the year for traveler who have been waiting to Visit Nepal. You will enjoy bargain prices on travel services here during this year Nepali Government will do more to celebrate the festival than do anything else this year. Why this festival? Tourism is the main industry of Nepal which has been affected by years of civil war in the country. By dedicating a whole year for tourism festival, Nepal hopes to bounce back the tourism industry to a satisfactory level. Objectives / Targets of Visit Pokhara 2007As of this date of writing, (12 Jan 2007), according to the press release by Nepal Tourism Board along with Pokhara Tourism Council and Nepal Ministry of Culture and Tourism , the targets of this annual festival is as follows: Expected Tourists Arrival in 2007 : 500,000 Expected Stay of Tourists in Pokhara to 3 days as compared to Today's 1.5 Days Year 2007 should increase visitors to pokhara by 40%. Currently 40,000 (Domestic and International) tourists visit Pokhara Increase a tourists's average spending of $25 to $40 a day •
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)
